臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

不論是在工業或是太空應用領域中，磨耗的發生會造成本的增加及不可預期的傷害。因此潤滑是不可或缺的。目前所使用的潤滑劑仍是以油脂類為主，近年基於環保及多樣化磨耗環境，促使無機潤固體滑劑加速發展。本研究嚐試將複合濕鍍二硫化鉬固體潤滑膜施鍍在滾動及滑動系統上，並在不同條件及環境下測試並比較其磨耗行為，藉以了解其應用的可能性。
在滾動系統方面的探討，以自行車花轂元件中之珠碗及珠軌進行複合濕鍍，再利用自行架設之磨耗系統進行測試。磨耗條件為模擬空氣中與雨水中，分別以乾磨、固體潤滑及油潤滑三種不同條件行測試。實驗結果顯示，在空氣中固體潤滑與油潤滑的磨耗壽命不相上下，有可能取代油潤滑；而在模擬雨水中方面，因固體潤滑受雨水沖刷作用使二硫化鉬不易停留在系統中持續發揮其潤滑作用，因此壽命不如在空氣中般，但仍然比未潤滑的壽命還長。
在滑動系統方面的探討，以鍊條為例，將複合濕鍍二硫化鉬固體潤滑膜施鍍於心軸並組裝成鍊條，模擬自行車行進磨耗測試，由於機械公差的關係必須把膜厚控制在8µm以內，因此控制膜厚於4-7µm。在乾磨與添加油潤滑不同環境下，以未施鍍、複合濕鍍4µm及7µm三種不同條件進行磨耗測試，並測量磨耗伸長率。在乾磨中發現隨距離增加複合濕鍍7µm有最少的伸長率，而4µm次之，未施鍍伸長率最大，表示固體潤滑特性優於未潤滑者且潤滑特性與膜厚有關。但在有添加油環境中，卻是呈現相反的趨勢，這是因為為防止心軸軟化所採取較低溫度熱處理造成無法析出足以強化基地的Ni3P相所致，造成較厚的膜反而有較大的伸長。
在滾動系統是屬於點接觸，在乾磨的條件下所產生的是一疲勞現象，而滑動系統則是屬於面接觸，在無油環境下的未施鍍是產生黏著磨耗，但在經複合濕鍍二硫化鉬固體潤滑膜後都可以得到明顯的改善。

Whatever industries, wear often encounters and causes extra cost and brings damage that’s unexpected. Lubrication is thus necessary. Although oil lubrication is primarily used in industries, environmental preservation or multi-purpose lubrication promote some development of inorganic solid lubricants. In this study, composite plating Ni-P-MoS2 solid lubricant is applied on rolling bearing and sliding system, respectively. Wear tests were carried out in different conditions for understanding it’s tribological response and the potential applications.
In rolling bearing system, bicycle hub was chosen as an example, of which cup and cone were plated with Ni-P-MoS2 solid lubricant. Wear tests were performed in air and rain by using three conditions, ie. dry, solid lubrication and oil lubrication. The result of experiment showed that solid lubrication and oil lubrication exploit the same life expectancy in air. Solid lubrication can possibly replace oil lubrication in this regard. In rain however, the Molybdenum disulphide is washed away by rain rapidly that causes the termination of its lubrication performance. Solid lubrication in this case is not as well performed in air but still better than that in air.
In the sliding system, chain was chosen as an example to plate composite Ni-P-MoS2 solid lubricant on, the pin of the chain, followed by a wear test. For reason of the tolerance between pin and bush, solid lubricant film was controlled at a thickness of 4µm and 7µm, respectively. The wear test conditions are kept dry and oil lubricated, respectively. The result of dry test shows that 4µm composite plated chain has the lowest elongation than the other two. This also indicates that solid lubrication shows its dependency on the thickness as reported. On the other hand, is possesses the largest elongation tested in oil, this may due to low heat treatment temperature that Ni-P matrix of the composite plating can’t precipitate Ni3P to strengthen the film.
In rolling bearing system is point contacted, the wear type is fatigue in dry. In sliding system is face contacted, the wear type is to adhere without oil. All of them can be improved after composite plating MoS2.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
總目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XIII
第一章、 前言 1
第二章、 文獻回顧 6
2-1. 磨耗的種類 6
2-1-1. 滑動磨耗(Sliding wear) 6
2-1-2. 滾動磨耗(Rolling wear) 7
2-1-3. 磨耗型態 8
2-2. 減少磨耗的方法 10
2-2-1. 氣體潤滑劑 11
2-2-2. 液體潤滑劑 11
2-2-2-1. 流體潤滑劑 11
2-2-2-2. 滑脂(Greases) 14
2-2-3. 固體潤滑劑 16
2-2-3-1. 二硫化鉬 18
2-2-3-2. 二硫化鉬的潤滑機構 20
2-2-3-3. 二硫化鉬的氧化行為 20
2-2-3-4. 濕氣對二硫化鉬的影響 22
2-3. 複合濕鍍 23
2-3-1. 無電鍍鎳法 26
2-3-2. 電鍍共沈機構與模型 27
2-4. Ni-P鍍層的後熱處理 31
2-5. 複合鍍層的磨耗行為 31
第三章、 實驗方法與步驟 33
3-1. 實驗設計與流程 33
3-2. 複合濕鍍 33
3-3. 熱處理 43
3-4. 磨耗試驗 45
第四章、 結果與討論 56
4-1. 滾動系統之磨耗行為 58
4-2. 滑動系統之磨耗行為 82
第五章、 結論 101

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