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I. English References Allan, K. 1986. Linguistic Meaning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Berk, L. M. 1999. English Syntax. New York: Oxford UP. Bolinger, D. 1980. Language - The Loaded Weapon. London: Longman.- Budwig, N. 1990. "The Linguistic Marking of Nonprototypical Agency: An Exploration into Children''s Use of Passives." Linguistics 28: 1221-1252. Canning, D. 1986. Common Mistakes of Chinese Students in English Usage. 2nd ed. Taipei: Crane. Chao, Y. R. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley and Los Angelos: California UP. -----. 1970. Language and Symbolic Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Chappell, H. 1986. "Formal and Colloquial Adversity Passives in Standard Chinese." Linguistics 24: 1025-1052. Chomsky, N. 1957. Syntactic Structures. Mouton: Hague. -----. 1972. Language and Mind. HBJ. -----. 1986. Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin and Use. New York: Praeger. Chu, C. C. 1973. "The Passive Construction: Chinese and English." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1: 437-471. -----. 1987. Historical Syntax-Theory and Application to Chinese. Taipei: Crane. Comrie, B. 1988. "Passive and Voice." M. Shibatani (ed.) Passive and Voice, 9-23. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. -----. 1989. Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. 2nd ed. Chicago: Chicago UP. Crystal, D. 1991. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell. Dowty, D. R. 1986. "Thematic roles and semantics." Nikeforidou, et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the Twelfth Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley Linguistics Society. Fillmore, C. J. 1968. "The Case for Case." Bach, E. and Harms, R. J. (eds.) Universals in Linguistic Theory, 1-90. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Givon, T. 1990. Syntax: a Functional - Typological Introduction. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. Hall Jr. R. A. 1964. Introductory Linguistics. Taipei: Rainbow-bridge. Hashimoto, A. Y. 1971. "Descriptive Adverbials and the Passive Construction." Unicorn 7, 84-93. Princeton: Princeton UP. Hashimoto, M. J. 1969. "Observations on the Passive Construction." Unicorn 5, 59-71. Princeton: Princeton UP. -----. 1988. "The Structure and Typology of the Chinese Passive Construction." M. Shibatani (ed.) Passive and Voice, 329-354. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Her, O. S. 1989. "An LFG account of Chinese bei sentence." Journal of Chinese Teachers Association 14(3), 67-89. Jackendoff, R. S. 1972. Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge: MIT UP. -----. 1990. Semantic Structures. Cambridge: MIT UP. Jespersen, O. 1924. The Philosophy of Grammar. London: Allen and Unwin. Kierman, F. A. 1969. "Night-Thoughts on the Passive." Unicorn 5, 72-78. Princeton: Princeton UP. Kuo, F. T. 1995. Children''s Use of the Chinese Passive. M.A. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei. Li, C. N. & S. A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: California UP. Li, Y. C., et al. 1989. Mandarin Chinese: A Practical Reference Grammar for Students and Teachers. Taipei: Crane. Lyons, J. 1968. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Mangione, L. S. 1982. The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of Causative, Passive and ''Ba'' Constructions in Mandarin. Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell University. Matthews, P. 1994. "Greek and Latin Linguistics." G. Lepschy (ed.) History of Linguistics, vol. 2, 1-96. London: Longman. O''Grady, W. & M. Dobrovolsky. 1988. Contemporary Linguistic Analysis. Taipei: Crane. Palmer, F. R. 1976. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Saeed, J. I. 1997. Semantics. Malden: Blackwell. Shibatani, M. 1988. "Introduction." M. Shibatani (ed.) Passive and Voice, 1-8. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Siewierska, A. 1984. The Passive: A Comparative Linguistic Analysis. London: Groom Helm. Tsao, F. F. 1988. "The Functions of Mandarin gei and Taiwanese hou in the double object and passive constructions." Huang, S. F. and R. L. Cheng (eds.) The Structure of Taiwanese: A Modern Syntheses, 196-280. Taipei: Crane. Tseng, C. F. 1997. The Acquisition of the Bei Construction in Chinese. M.A. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei. Wu, Y. J. 1997. Chinese Children''s Comprehension Strategies on Bei Construction and Other Related Structures. M.A. Thesis, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei. II. Chinese References 王 力. 1944. 中國語法理論. 上海: 中華. -----. 1957. "漢語被動式的發展." 語言學論叢 1, 1-16. 北京: 商務. -----. 1958. 漢語史稿. 北京: 科學. -----. 1992. 中國現代語法. 上海: 上海. 王 還. 1959. 把字句和被字句. 上海: 上海教育. Reprinted in vol. II of 語文彙編. 香港. 1969. 宋采娃. 1958. "關於確定漢語動句主語的標準." 語言學論叢, Vol. II. 上海: 新知識. 李 珊. 1994. 現代漢語被字句研究. 北京: 北京大學. 李人鑒. 1980. "關於被動句." 揚州師院學報1980年2期. 周法高. 1975. 中國語言學論文集. 台北: 聯經. 高名凱. 1948. 漢語語法論. 上海: 開明. 殷志平. 1989. "被字句研究綜述." 中國語文天地1989年5期. 陳玉剛. 1989. 中國翻譯文學史稿. 北京: 中國對外翻譯. 張振玉. 1987. 譯學概論. 台北: 文翔. 湯廷池. 1979. 國語語法研究論集. 台北: 台灣學生. -----. 1992. 漢語詞法句法四集. 台北: 台灣學生. 程祥徽, 田小琳. 1992. 現代漢語. 台北: 書林. 劉小梅. 1997. 國閩客語的動態文法體系及動態詞的上加動貌語意. 台北: 文鶴. 蔣冀騁, 吳福祥. 1997. 近代漢語綱要. 湖南: 湖南教育. 橋本萬太郎. 1987. "漢語被動式的歷史區域發展." 中國語文1987年1期. III. Japanese References 生水史. 1996. "受け身形をマスターする." 日本語ジャーナル, May: 17-22.
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