臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討大學生的休閒認知、涉入與體驗。採用台灣地區大學生為母群體，分別以質性研究法探討大學生的休閒認知與體驗，並且以量化研究方法探討人格特質、休閒涉入、休閒滿意、幸福感之間的關係。
質性研究，採用北部及南部大學生，以滾雪球及機會策略抽樣，進行團體討論，共計收案26組(3~8人為一組)；焦點團體討論，共計收案2組(4~5人為一組)；個別訪談，共計收案4人。研究分析採紮根理論的分析技術及內容分析技術。以紮根理論的分析技術分析結果顯示，受訪者的休閒動機有六大類：放鬆減壓、享受生活、自我充實、填補空閒、人際互動、促進健康。休閒定義的元素有四：休閒本身之功能性；個體之自主性、休閒與工作之關係、休閒是生活中的一部份。休閒的活動類型有5種：室內靜態、體能、戶外非體能、社交、技能。參與休閒活動的促進與阻礙因子有6類：活動、身心、時間、人際、經濟、設施。參與休閒活動後的效果有7類：放鬆減壓、享受生活、自我充實、填補空閒、人際關係、促進健康、活動負效。以內容分析技術的分析結果指出：在休閒動機與休閒效果呈現一致地以放鬆減壓為主的情況，在休閒定一方面以功能性的定義元素為多數。休閒的促進因子，主要是身心、活動及人際三因素，而休閒的阻礙因素最多的也是身心因素，但是活動與人際因素為最少。
量化研究抽樣北、中、南三區大學生共計完成423份問卷，以相關分析的結果顯示，外向特質與休閒涉入、休閒滿意、幸福感達顯著正相關；神經質特質與休閒滿意、幸福感達顯著負相關。休閒涉入與休閒滿意、幸福感呈顯著正相關。休閒滿意與幸福感達顯著正相關。以階層式迴歸分析的結果顯示，休閒涉入的顯著預測因子為固定參與的社團數以及外向人格。休閒滿意的顯著預測因子為學業滿意程度、外向特質與神經質特質。幸福感的顯著預測因子是學業滿意程度、外向特質、神經質特質與休閒滿意。最後以迴歸分析驗證變項的中介效應，結果指出休閒滿意為休閒涉入與幸福感的中介變項。
最後在文末討論休閒的定義、休閒涉入與效果、休閒涉入與效果的個別差異、性別與科系在休閒活動選擇上的差異。

This project aimed to explore leisure cognition, involvement and experiences among Taiwanese university students. Qualitative methods were used to probe leisure cognition and experiences, whereas quantitative analyses were conducted to reveal relationships among personality traits, leisure involvement, leisure satisfaction and happiness.
In the qualitative study, transcripts of 26 group discussions (3~8 students in a group) provided analysis materials. In addition, snowballing and convenience sampling methods resulted 2 focus groups (4~5 students in a group), and 4 individual interviews. Analysis was conducted using grounded theory and content analysis techniques. The grounded theory technique revealed six categories of leisure motivation: relaxation, enjoying life, self-growth, filling the time, social interaction, and health promotion. Leisure definition was found to encompass four elements: functions of leisure itself, individual autonomy, the interplay between leisure and work, leisure being part of life. There were five types of leisure activities: static in-door, physical, non-physical out-door, social, and hobbies. Six factors may facilitate or deter leisure involvement: activity itself, bio-psychological, time, interpersonal, economic, and facilities. Seven kinds of outcomes were likely after involvement: relaxation, enjoying life, self-growth, filling the time, social interaction, health promotion, and possible negative effects. Content analysis revealed that relaxation was the most often mentioned leisure motivation as well as the most often reported leisure effect. Function was the most often mentioned definitional element. The most important leisure facilitators seemed to be bio-psychological, activity itself, and interpersonal factors. The most important leisure obstacles was also the bio-psychological factor, however, activity itself and interpersonal factors were the least important.
The quantitative study surveyed 423 students from north to south. Correlation analyses revealed that extraversion positively correlated with leisure involvement, leisure satisfaction, and happiness. Neuroticism negatively correlated with leisure satisfaction and happiness. Leisure involvement positively correlated with leisure satisfaction and happiness. Leisure satisfaction positively correlated with happiness. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the number of group participation and extraversion predicted leisure involvement. Satisfaction with academic work, extraversion, and neuroticism predicted leisure satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction with academic work, extraversion, neuroticism and leisure satisfaction predicted happiness.
The definition of leisure, leisure involvement and effects, individual differences such as effects of gender and academic majors on leisure selection were discussed.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 名詞界定 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 休閒的定義及其相關研究 7
第二節 休閒之歷程 11
第三節人格特質、個人因素與休閒相關研究 21
第四節 研究架構 25
第三章 研究程序與方法 28
第一節 研究對象 28
第二節 前趨質性研究方法 28
第三節 編製研究工具 33
第四節 量化研究方法 41
第四章 研究結果 48
第一節 前趨質性研究結果 48
第二節 量化研究結果 60
第五章 結果與討論 82
第一節 研究的綜合結果 82
第二節 討論 87
第三節 研究限制與展望 90
中文參考文獻 92
西文參考文獻 98
附錄一、休閒涉入量表預試版 111
附錄二、研究問卷 113

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