一、中文部分
1.史惠華 (民國81年) 商業性長期看護保險之研究。逢甲大學保險研究所碩士論文。2.行政院內政部統計處 (民國88年) 老人生活狀況分析。
3.行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處 (民國85年) 中華民國臺灣地區民國84年到125年人口推計。
4.行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處 (民國86年) 未來人口高齡化趨勢之國際比較。
5.行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處 (民國87年) 台灣地區生育水準之趨勢。
6.行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處 (民國88年) 全球人口老化之危機。
7.李淑霞 (民國83年) 照護失能老人對家庭照護者的負面影響。台灣大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文。8.林宗義 (民國84年) 臺灣老人的處境與希望:二十一世紀都市的主要課題。中華心理衛生學刊,8,7-15。9.林信男,林憲,陳永成 (民國70年) 養老機構內的精神疾病流行病學研究。臺灣醫誌,80,262-270。
10.林信男,陳珠璋,李明濱,林憲 (民國73年) 老人院居民精神疾病盛行率及兩年自然病程之研究。中華民國神經精神醫學會會刊,10(supple 1),47-64。
11.林信男,蔡茂堂,林憲 (民國73年) 農村老年人之精神疾病:恆春研究。中華民國神經精神醫學會會刊,10(supple 1),65-79。
12.郭乃文,劉秀枝,王珮芳等 (民國77年) 簡短式智能評估隻中文施測與常模建立。中華民國復健醫學雜誌,16,52-59。
13.黃正平 (民國85年) 痴呆症之精神醫學觀。臺灣精神醫學雜誌,10,3-13。
14.張景瑞,吳淑瓊,林信男等 (民國82年) 認知功能障礙篩檢量表:泛文化癡呆症研究工具的前測。臺灣精神醫學雜誌,7,136-150。
15.傅中玲 (民國84年) 失智症的治療。臨床醫學,35,212-214。16.湯麗玉 (民國80年) 癡呆症老人照顧者的負荷及其相關因素之探討。台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文。17.鄒海光,劉秀枝,林克能等 (民國80年) 癡呆症─114位患者診斷類型之研究。內科學誌,2,188-194。18.楊珮琪 (民國79年) 老年癡呆症病患家屬之壓力與需求探討。東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
19.簡錦標 (民國80年) 我國老人癡呆症之研究。內科學誌,2,200-201。二、英文部分
1.Alzheimer, A. (1977) A unique illness involving the cerebral cortex. In: Classics Neurologic in Modern Translation (eds D.A. Rottenberg & F.H. Hochberg). New York: Hafner Press.
2.American College of Medical Genetics/American Society of Human Genetics Working Group on ApoE and Alzheimer’s Disease (1995) Statement on use of apolipoprotein E testing for Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of American Medical Association, 274, 1627-1629.
3.American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) Washington: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
4.American Psychiatric Association (1997) Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias of late life. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(Supplement), 1-39.
5.Bachman, D.L., Wolf, P.A., Linn, R.T., et al (1993) Incidence of dementia and probable Alzheimer’s disease in a general population: The Framingham Study. Neurology, 43, 515-519.
6.Bickeboller, H., Campion, D., Brice, A., et al (1997) Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease: genotype-specific risks by age and sex. American Journal of Human Genetics, 60, 439-446.
7.Blacker, D., Haines, J.L., Rodes, L., et al (1997) APOE-4 and age-at-onset of Alzheimer’s disease: the NIMH Genetics Initiative. Neurology, 48,139-147.
8.Blacker, D., Tanzi, R.E. (1998a) Alpha-2 macroglobulin is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease. Nature Genetics, 19, 357-360.
9.Blacker, D., Wilcox, M.A., Laird, N.M., et al (1998b) The genetics of Alzheimer disease: current status and future prospects. Archives of Neurology, 55, 294-296.
10.Bleeker, M.L., Bolla-Wilson, K., Kawas, C., Agnew J. (1988) Age-specific norms for the Mini-Mental State Exam. Neurology, 38, 1565-1568.
11.Boerwinkle, E., Utermann, G. (1988) Simultaneous effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism, apolipoprotein B, and cholesterol metabolism. American Journal of Human Genetics, 42, 104-112.
12.Boerwinkle, E., Visvikis, S., Welsh, D., Steinmetz, J., Hanash, S.M., Sing, C.F. (1987) The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative phenotypes in man. II. The role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining levels, variability, and covariability of cholesterol, betalipoprotein, and triglycerides in a sample of unrelated individuals. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 27, 567-582.
13.Brayne, C., Calloway, P. (1990) The association of education and socioeconomic status with the Mini Mental State Exam and the clinical diagnosis of dementia in elderly people. Age
Ageing, 19, 91-96.
14.Breitner, J.C.S., Folstein, M.F. (1984) Familial Alzheimer’s dementia: a prevalent disorder with specific clinical features. Psychological Medicine, 14, 63-80.
15.Breitner, J.C.S., Silverman, J.M., Mohs, R.C., Davis, K.L. (1988) Familial aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease: comparison of risk among relatives of early- and late-onset cases, and
among male and female relatives in successive generations. Neurology, 38, 207-212.
16.Bretksy, P.M., Buckwalter, J.G., Seeman, T.E., et al (1999) Evidence for an interaction between apolipoprotein E genotype, gender, and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 13, 216-221.
17.Brewer, H.B.Jr, Zech, L.A., Gregg, L.A., Schwartz, D.,Schaefer, E.J. (1983) NIH conference. Type III hyperlipidemia: diagnosis, molecular defects, pathology, and treatment. Annals of Internal Medicine, 98, 623-640.
18.Brousseau, T., Legrain, S., Berr, C., Gourlet, V., Vidal, O., Amouyel, P. (1994) Confirmation of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 44, 342-344.
19.Burns, A., Luthert, P., Levy, R. et al (1990) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. British Medical Journal, 301, 1026.
20.Chartier-Harlin, M., Parfitt, M., Legrain, S., et al (1994) Apolipoprotein E, epsilon4 allele as a major risk factor for sporadic early and late-onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease: analysis of the 19q13.2 chromosomal region. Human Molecular Genetics, 3, 569-574.
21.Chiu, L., Tang, K.Y., Liu, Y.H., et al (1999) Cost comparison between family-based care and nursing home care for dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29, 1005-1012.
22.Corder, E.H., Lannfelt, L., Bogdanovic, N., et al (1998) The role of APOE polymorphisms in late-onset dementias. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , 54, 928-934.
23.Corder, E.H., Saunders, A.M., Risch, N.J., et al (1994) Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease. Nature Genetics, 7, 180-184.
24.Corder, E.H., Saunders, A.M., Strittmatter, W.J., et al (1993) Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science , 261, 921-923.
25.Crum, R.M., Anthony, J.C., Bassett, S.S., Folstein, M.F. (1993) Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level. The Journal of American Medical Association, 269, 2386-2391.
26.Cummings, J.L., Benson, D.F. (1986) Dementia of the Alzheimer type: an inventory of diagnostic clinical features. Journal of American Geriatrics Society , 34, 12-19.
27.Cummings, J.L., Benson, D.F. (1992) Cortical dementia: Alzheimer’s disease and other cortical degenerations. In: Dementia: A clinical approach (2nd ed.) (eds J.L. Cummings & D.F. Benson) pp 45-93. Boston: Bytterworth-Heinemann.
28.Davignon, J., Gregg, R.E., Sing, C.F. (1988) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis , 8, 1-21.
29.Di Patre, P.L., Read, S.L., Cummings, J.L., et al (1999) Progression of clinical deterioration and pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease evaluated at biopsy and autopsy. Archives of Neurology, 56, 1252-1261.
30.Ehnholm, C., Lukka, M., Kuusi, T., Nikkila, E., Utermann, G. (1986) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in the Finnish population: gene frequencies and relation to lipoprotein concentrations. Journal of Lipid Research, 27, 227-235.
31.Ellsworth, D.L., Hallman, D.M., Boerwinkle, E. (1997) Impact of the human genome project on epidemiologic research. Epidemiologic Reviews, 19, 3-13.
32.Emi, M., Wu, L.L., Robertson, M.A., et al (1988) Genotyping and sequence analysis of apolipoprotein E isoforms. Genomics, 3, 373-379.
33.Evans, A.D., Funkenstein, H.H., Albert, M.S., et al (1989) Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in a community population of older persons: higher than previous reported. Journal of the
American Medical Association, 1262, 2551-2559.
34.Faranoe, S.V., Chen, W.J., Tsuang, M.T. (1994) Estimating the morbidity risk for diseases having a variable age at onset. Psychiatric Genetics, 4, 135-142.
35.Faranoe, S.V., Tsuang, M.T. (1995) Methods in psychiatric genetics. In: Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology (eds M. Tohen, M.T. Tsuang, G.E.P. Zahner) pp 81-134. New York: John
Wiley.
36.Farrer, L.A., O’Sullivan, D.M., Cupples, A., et al (1989) Assessment of genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease among first-degree relatives. Annual of Neurology , 25, 485-493.
37.Fillenbaum, J.G., Heyman, A., Wilkinson, W.E., et al (1987) Comparison of two screening tests in Alzheimer’s disease: the correlation & reliability of the MMSE & the modified Blessed
test. Archives of Neurology, 44, 924-927.
38.Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., McHaugh, P.R. (1975) “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12, 189-198.
39.Folstein, M.F., Waren, A. (1990) Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. Research Publications Association for Research in Nervous & Mental Disease, 69, 129-136.
40.Fuh, J.L., Wang, S.J., Liu, H.C., et al (1999) Predictors of depression among Chinese family caregivers of Alzheimer patients. Alzheimer’s Disease & Associated Disorders, 13, 171-
175.
41.Goate, A.M., Chartier-Harlin, M.C., Mullan, M., et al (1991) Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer’s disease. Nature, 349, 704-706.
42.Goate, A..M., Haynes, A.R., Owen, M.J., et al (1989) Predisposing locus for Alzheimer’s disease on chromosome 21. Lancet, 1(8634), 352-354.
43.Hay, J.W., Ernst, R.L. (1987) The economic costs of Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 1169-1175.
44.Hixon, J.E., Vernier, D.T. (1990) Restriction isotyping of human APOE by gene amplification and cleavage with HhaI. Journal of Lipid Research, 31, 545-548.
45.Hong, C.J., Liu, T.Y., Liu, H.C., et al (1996) ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease in a Chinese population. Neurology, 46, 1749-1751.
46.Hooper, C. (1992) Encircling a mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of National Institute of Health Research, 4, 48-54.
47.Hu, C.J., Sung, S.M., Liu, H.C., et al (1998) Association of apolipoprotein E genotype and intronic polymorphism of the presenilin-1 gene with Alzheimer’s disease in elderly Taiwan
Chinese. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 157, 158-161.
48.Ineichen, B. (1987) Measuring the rising tide. How many dementia cases will there be by 2001? British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 193-200.
49.Jarvik, G.P., Larson E.B., Goddard, K., et al (1996) Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on the transmission of Alzheimer disease in a community-based sample. American Journal of Human Genetics, 58, 191-200.
50.Jonker, C., Schmand, B., Lindeboom J., et al (1998) Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly individuals with
and without dementia. Archives of Neurology, 55, 1065-1069.
51.Jorde, L.B., Carey, J.C., White, R.L. (1994) Genetic variation: its origin and detection. In: Medical Genetics (eds L.B. Jorde, J.C. Carey, R.L. White) pp 30-55. St. Louis: Mosby.
52.Jorm, A.F., Korten, A.E., Henderson, A.S. (1987) The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, 76, 465-479.
53.Jorm, A.F. (1990) The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders, 12-13. London: Chapman and Hall.
54.Juva, K., Verkkoniemi, A., Viramo, P., et al (2000) APOE epsilon4 does not predict mortality, cognitive decline, or dementia in the oldest old. Neurology, 54, 412-415.
55.Kamboh, M.I. (1995) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease. Human Biology, 67, 195-215.
56.Katzman, R., Kawas, C. (1994) The epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer disease. In: Alzheimer Disease (eds R.D. Terry, R. Katzman, K.L. Bick) pp 105-121. New York: Raven Press.
57.Khoury, M.J. (1998) Genetic Epidemiology. In: Modern Epidemiology, 2nd ed (eds K.J. Rothman, S. Greenland) pp 609-621. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
58.Kim, K.W., Jhoo, J.H., Lee, K.U., et al (1999) Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease in Koreans. Neuroscience Letters, 277, 145-148.
59.Kirby, M., Lawlor, B.A. (1997) Dementia. In: Understanding the biology of mental disorders (ed T.G. Dinan) pp 85-96. London: Science Press Ltd.
60.Ko, C.W., Beresford, S.A., Alderman, B., et al (2000) Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of gallbladder disease in pregnancy. Hepatology, 31, 18-23.
61.Kowal, R.C., Herz, J., Weisgraber, K.H., Mahley, R.W., Brown, M.S., Goldstein, J.L. (1990) Opposing effects of apolipoproteins E and C on lipoprotein binding to low density
lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265, 10771-10779.
62.Kunugi, H., Nanko, S., Ueki, A., Isse, K., Hirasawa, H. (1998) DLST gene and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 351, 1584-1585.
63.Levy-Lahad, E., Wasco, W., Poorkaj, P., et al (1995) Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer’s disease locus. Science, 269, 973-977.
64.Levy-Lahad, E., Wijsman, E.M., Nemens, E., et al (1995) A familial Alzheimer’s disease locus on chromosome 1. Science, 269, 970-972.
65.Lin, R.T., Lai, C.L., Tai, C.T., et al (1998) Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan: impact of age, sex, education, and urbanization. Journal of Neurological Sciences,
160, 67-75.
66.Liu, C.K., Lai, C.L., Tai, C.T., Lin, R.T., Yen, Y.Y., Howng, S.L. (1998a) Incidence and subtypes of dementia in southern Taiwan: impact of socio-demographic factors. Neurology, 50,1572-1579.
67.Liu, C.K., Lin, K.N., Tsou, H.K., et al (1991) Impact of demented patients on their family members and care-givers in Taiwan. Neuroepidemiology, 10, 143-149.
68.Liu, C.K., Lin, R.T., Chen, Y.F., et al (1996) Prevalence of dementia in an urban area in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 95, 762-768.
69.Liu, H.C., Fuh, J.L., Wang, S.J., et al (1998b) Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in a rural Chinese population. Alzheimer’s Disease & Associated Disorders, 12, 127-134.
70.Liu, H.C., Hong, C.J., Wang, S.J., et al (1999) Apo E genotype in relation to AD and cholesterol: a study of 2,236 Chinese adult. Neurology, 53, 962-966.
71.Liu, H.C., Lin, K.N., Teng, E.L., et al (1995) Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in Taiwan: a community survey of 5297 individuals. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 43, 144-
149.
72.Liu, L.H. (1993) Effects of population composition on finance of natural health insurance. Master dissertation of School of Public Health of National Taiwan University, Taipei,Taiwan.
73.Maestre, G., Ottman, R., Stern, Y., et al (1995) Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease: Ethnic variation in genotypic risks. Annals of Neurology, 37, 254-259.
74.Mahley, R.W. (1988) Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with an expanding role in cell biology. Science, 240, 622-630.
75.Mak, Y.T., Chiu, H., Woo, J., et al (1996) Alpolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer’s disease in Hong Kong elderly Chinese. Neurology, 46, 146-149.
76.Maletta, G.J. (1988) Management of behavior problems in elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 4, 719-747.
77.Mantel, N., Haenszel, W. (1959) Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 22, 719-748.
78.Masterman, D.L., Craig, A.H., Cummings, J.L. (1995) Alzheimer’s disease. In: Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders (2nd ed.) (eds G.O. Gabbard), pp 479-513. Washington: American
Psychiatric Press, Inc.
79.Mayeux, R., Ottman, R., Tang, M.X., et al (1993a) Genetic susceptibility and head injury as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease among community-dwelling elderly persons and their first degree relatives. Annals of Neurology, 33, 494-501.
80.Mayeux, R., Saunders, A.M., Shea, S., et al (1998) Utility of the Apolipoprotein E genotype in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 506-511.
81.Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., Ottman, R., et al (1993b) The apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 34, 752-754.
82.McKhann, L.E., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., et al (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of
Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 34, 939-944.
83.Morgan, K., Lam, L., Kalsheker, N. (1996) A rapid and efficient method for DNA extraction from paraffin wax embedded tissue for PCR amplification. Clinical Molecular Pathology,
49, 179-180.
84.Mortimer, J.A., French, L.R., Hutton, J.T., et al (1985) Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 35, 264-267.
85.Moysich, K.B., Freudenheim, J.L., Baker, J.A., et al (2000) Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism, serum lipoproteins, and breast cancer risk. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 27, 2-9.
86.National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer’s Association Working Group (1996) Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 347, 1091-1095.
87.Noguchi, S., Murakami, K., Yamada, N. (1993) Apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 342, 737.
88.Norrman, J., Brookes, A., St Clair, D., et al (1995) Apolipoprotein E genotype and its effect on duration and severity of early and late onset Alzheimer’s disease. British Journal of Psychiatry , 167, 533-536.
89.Oda, H., Yorioka, N., Ueda, C., Kushihata, S., Yamakido, M. (1999) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and renal disease. Kidney International, 71(supple), S25-27.
90.O’Donnell, H.C., Rosand, J., Knudsen, K.A., et al (2000) Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 240-245.
91.Okuizumi, K., Onodera, O., Tanaka, H., et al (1994) ApoE-epsilon4 and early-onset Alzheimer’s. Nature Genetics, 7, 10-11.
92.Ordovas, J.M., Klein, L.L., Wilson, P.W., Schaefer, M.M., Schaefer, E.J. (1987) Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms. Journal of Lipid Research, 28, 371-380.
93.Overman, W.Jr., Stoudemire, A. (1988) Guidelines for legal and financial counseling of Alzheimer’s disease patients and their families. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1495-1500.
94.Peacock, M.L., Fink, J.K. (1994) ApoE allelic association with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 44, 339-341.
95.Pericak-Vance, M.A., Bebout, J.L., Gaskell, P.C.Jr, et al (1991) Linkage studies in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for chromosome 19 linkage. American Journal of Human Genetics, 48, 1034-1050.
96.Plum, F. (1979) Dementia: an approaching epidemic. Nature, 279, 372-373.
97.Poirier, J. (1999) Apolipoprotein E: a pharmacogenetic target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular Diagnosis, 4, 335-341.
98.Poirier, J., Davignon, J., Bouthillier, D., Kogan, S., Bertrand, P., Gauthier, S. (1993) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 342, 697-699.
99.Poirier, J., Delishhe, M.C., Quirion, R., et al (1995) Apolipoprotein E4 allele as a prediction of cholinergic deficits and treatment outcome in Alzheimer disease. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA, 92, 12260-12264.
100.Price, B.H., Gurvit, H., Weintraub, S., Geula, C., Leimkuhler, E., Mesulam, M. (1993) Neurological patterns and language deficits in 20 consecutive cases of autopsy-confirmed
Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology, 50, 931-937.
101.Reisberg, B. (1986) Dementia: a systematic approach to identifying reversible causes. Geriatrics, 41, 430-436.
102.Reisberg, B., Ferris, S.H., Deleon, M.J., Crook, T. (1982) The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136-1139.
103.Rin, H., Huang, M.G. (1987) Prevalence of elderly dementia in Taipei area. Proceeding of the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Society of Neurology and Psychiatry, 24.
104.Rocca, W.A., Amaducci, L.A., Schoenberg, B.S. (1986) Epidemiology of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 19, 415-424.
105.Roses, A.D. (1995) Apolipoprotein E genotyping in differential diagnosis, not prediction of Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 38, 6-14.
106.Roses, A.D., Strittmatter, W.J., Pericak, V.M., Corder, E.H., Saunders, A.M., Schmechel, D.E. (1994) Clinical application of apolipoprotein E genotyping to Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 343, 1564-1565.
107.Rosser, M. (1992) Dementia. Disease of the nervous system: clinical neurobiology, ed 2, p. 789. Saunders, Philadelphia.
108.Royston, M.C., Mann, D., Pickering-Brown, S., et al (1996) ApoE2 allele, Down’s syndrome, and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 777, 255-259.
109.Rubinsztein, D.C. (1995) Apolipoprotein E: a review of its role in lipoprotein metabolism, neuronal growth and repair and as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Psychological Medicine, 25, 223-229.
110.Saunders, A.M., Hulette, O., Welsh-Bohmer, K.A., et al (1996) Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of apolipoprotein-E genotyping for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 348, 90-93.
111.Saunders, A.M., Schmader, K., Breitner, J.C.S., et al (1993a) Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele distribution in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and in other amyloid-forming diseases. Lancet, 342, 710-711.
112.Saunders, A.M., Strittmatter, W.J., Schmechel, D., et al (1993b) Association of apolipoprotein allele e4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 43, 1467-
1472.
113.Saxena, U., Ferguson, E., Bisgaier, C.L. (1993) Apolipoprotein E modulates low density lipoprotein retention by lipoprotein lipase anchored to subendothelial matrix. Journal of
Biological Chemistry, 268, 14812-14819.
114.Schlesselman, J.J. (1982) Chapter 4 Matching. In: Case-Control Studies (ed J.J. Schlesselman) pp 105-123. New York: Oxford University Press.
115.Schmidt, R., Schmidt, H., Fazekas, F., et al (1997) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and silent microangiopathy-related cerebral damage. Result of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. Stroke, 28, 951-956.
116.Schoenberg, B.S. (1986) Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementing illness. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 39, 1095-1104.
117.Schoenberg, B.S., Kokmen, E., Okazaki, H. (1987) Alzheimer’s disease and other dementing illness in a defined U.S. population: incidence rates and clinical features. Annals of Neurology, 22, 724-729.
118.Seshadri, S., Drachman, D., Lippa, C.F. (1995) Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and the lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s disease: What physicians know, and what they should know. Archives of Neurology, 52, 1074-1079.
119.Sherrington, R., Rogaev, E., Liang, Y., et al (1995) Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Nature , 375, 754-760.
120.Sing, C.F., Davignon, J. (1985) Role of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining normal plasma lipid and lipoprotein variation. American Journal of Human Genetics , 37, 268-285.
121.Slooter, A., Cruts, M., Kalmijn, S., et al (1998) Risk estimates of dementia by apolipoprotein E genotype from a population-based incidence study: the Rotterdam study. Archives of Neurology , 55, 964-968.
122.Small, G.W. (1995) Alzheimer’s disease and other dementing disorders. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (6th ed.)(eds H.I. Kaplan & B.J. Sadock), pp 2562-2565. Baltimore:
Williams & Wilkins.
123.Smith, A.D., Johnson, C., Sim, E., et al (1994) Protective effect of apo epsilon 2 in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 344, 473-474.
124.Sodeyama, N., Yamada, M., Itoh, Y., et al (2000) Alpha2-macroglobulin polymorphism is not associated with AD or AD-type neuropathology in the Japanese. Neurology, 54, 443-446.
125.Sorbi, S., Nacmias, B., Forleo, P., Piancentini, S., Latorraca, S., Amaducci, L. (1993) Epistatic effect of APP717 mutation and apolipoprotein E genotype in familial Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 38, 124-127.
126.St. George-Hyslop, P.H., Haines, J.L., Farrer, L.A. et al (1990) Genetic linkage studies suggest that Alzheimer’s disease is not a single homogenous disorder. Nature, 347, 194-197.
127.St. George-Hyslop, P.H., Myers, R.H., Haines, J.L., et al (1989) Familial Alzheimer’s disease: progress and problems. Neurobiology of Aging, 10, 417-425.
128.Strittmatter, W.J., Saunders, A.M., Schmechel, D., et al (1993) Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to β-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial
Alzheimer disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 90,1977-1981.
129.Strittmatter, W.J., Weisgraber, K.H., Goedert, M., et al (1994) Hypothesis: microtubule instability and paired helical filament formation in the Alzheimer disease brain are related to apolipoprotein E genotype. Experimental Neurology, 125, 163-171.
130.Sultzer, D.L., Levin, H.S., Mahler, M.E., High, W.M., Cummings, J.L. (1993) A comparison of psychiatric symptoms in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 150, 1806-1812.
131.Takahashi, S., Kawarabayasi, Y., Nakai, T., Sakai, J., Yamamoto, T. (1992) Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: a low density lipoprotein receptor-like protein with distinct ligand specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 89,9252-9256.
132.Talbot, C., Lendon, C., Craddock, N., Shears, S., Morris, J.C., Goate, A. (1994) Protection against Alzheimer’s disease with apoE epsilon2. Lancet, 343, 1432-1433.
133.Tangalos E.G., Smith, G.E., Ivnik, R.J., et al (1996) The Mini-Mental State Examination in general medical practice: clinical utility and acceptance. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 71, 829-837.
134.Tanzi, R.E. (1999) A genetic dichotomy model for the inheritance of Alzheimer’s disease and common age-related disorders. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 104, 1175-1179.
135.Tanzi, R.E., Kovacs, D.M., Kim, T.W., Moir, R.D., Guenette, S.Y., Wasco, W. (1996) The gene defect responsible for Familial Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurobilogy of Disease, 3, 159-168.
136.Thuren, T., Weisgraber, K.H., Sisson, P., Waite, M. (1992) Role of apolipoprotein E in hepatic lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid in high-density lipoproteins. Biochemistry, 31,
2332-2338.
137.Tombaugh, T.N., Mcintyre, N.J. (1992) The Mini-Mental State Examination: A comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 922-935.
138.Tomlinson, B.E. (1977) The pathology of dementia. In: Dementia (2nd ed) (eds C.E. Wells) pp113-153. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
139.Tsai, M.S., Tangalos, E.G., Petersen, R.C., et al (1994) Apolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Human Genetics, 54, 643-649.
140.Tsuang, D., Larson, E.B., Bowen, J., et al (1999) The utility of Apolipoprotein E genotyping in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in a community-based case services. Archives of Neurology, 56, 1489-1495.
141.Tsuang, M.T. (1978) Genetic counseling for psychiatric patients and their families. American Journal of psychiatry, 135, 1465-1475.
142.Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V. (1996) Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 95, 733-740.
143.Ueki, A., Kawano, M., Namba, Y., Kawakami, M., Ikeda, K. (1993) A high frequency of apolipoprotein epsilon4 isoprotein in Japanese patients with late-onset nonfamilial Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience Letters, 163, 166-168.
144.Uhlmann, R.F., Larson, E.B., Buchner, D.M. (1987) Correlation of mini-mental state and modified demential rating scale to measures of transitional health status in dementia. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 33-36.
145.Van Broeckhoven, C., Van Hul, W., Backhovens H., et al (1988) The familial Alzheimer’s disease gene is located close the centromere of chromosome 21. American Journal of Human Genetics, 43, A205.
146.Weisgraber, K.H. (1994) Apolipoprotein E: structure-function relationship. Advances in Protein Chemistry, 45, 249-302.
147.Weisgraber, K.H., Rall, S.C.Jr., Mahley, R.W. (1981) Human E apolipoprotein heterogeneity: cysteine-arginine interchange in the amino acid sequence of the apoE isoforms. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 256, 9077-9083.
148.Weisgraber, K.H., Rall, S.C.Jr., Mahley, R.W., Milne, R.W., Marcel, Y.L., Sparrow, J.T. (1986) Human apolipoprotein E. Determination of the heparin binding sites of apolipoprotein E3. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 2068-2076.
149.Wenham, P.R., Price, P.H., Blundell, A. (1991) Apolipoprotein E genotyping by one gate PCR. Lancet, 337, 1158-1159.
150.Wilson, P.W., Meyers, R.H., Larson, M.G., Ordovas, J.M., Wolf, P.A., Schaefer, E.J. (1994) Apolipoprotein E alleles, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. The Framingham
Offspring Study. Journal of American Medical Association, 272, 1666-1671.
151.Wilson, P.W., Schaefer, E.J., Larson, M.G., Ordovas, J.M. (1996) Apolipoprotein E alleles and risk of coronary disease. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis & Vascular Biology, 16, 1250-1255.
Yamamoto, T., Bujo, H. (1996) Close encounters with apolipoprotein E receptors. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 7, 298-302
152.Yu, C., Payami, H., Olson, J.M., et al (1994) The apolipoprotein E/CI/CII gene cluster and late-onset Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Human Genetics, 54, 631-642.
153.Zhang, J.G., Ma, Y.X., Wang, C.F., et al (1998) Apolipoprotein E and longevity among Han Chinese population. Mechanisms of Ageing & Development, 104, 159-167.
154.Zubenko, G.S., Huff, J., Beyer, J., et al (1988) Familial risk of dementia associated with a biological subtype of Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 889-893.
155.Zubenko, G.S., Stiffer, S., Stabler, S., et al (1994) Association of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele with clinical subtypes of autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 54, 199-205.