臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是探討注意力在概念性內隱記憶扮演的角色。遷移─適當歷程( TAP )認為概念性歷程需要注意力資源來幫助記憶表現，因此概念性內隱記憶會受到分配性注意力的影響，使概念性促發效果減少。但TAP仍受到許多的質疑，顯示概念性促發與注意力有更複雜的關係。本研究檢驗TAP在概念性內隱記憶作業的限制，並以“項目特殊性與相關性歷程”和“競爭性與非競爭性接觸歷程”來延伸TAP的觀點。本研究將分別檢驗在登錄和反應階段的一些不同情況，對注意力在概念性內隱記憶作業的影響。實驗一和實驗二操弄登錄處理變項，使用項目特殊性與項目相關性登錄處理來檢驗兩種不同的項目訊息所造成的影響。實驗三和實驗四操弄線索與反應聯想詞間的強弱關聯程度，探討注意力在字彙聯想作業的角色。在測驗階段是使用「歷程分離程序」(PDP)和「測驗後分離法」(PTP)，估計導致反應的意識“ Pc ”和無意識記憶“ Pu ”的機率值。並進一步比較兩種方法所得到的結果。
實驗一的類別─正例產生作業統計分析結果顯示，使用PDP法來進行測驗的結果發現，分配性注意力只影響“Pc”的機率值，但不影響“Pu”的機率值。實驗二使用PTP法的結果發現，分配性注意力只會影響在項目特殊性情況產生的“Pu”和“Pc”的機率值；但對項目相關性情況的“Pu”和“Pc”並沒有任何影響。實驗三的字彙聯想作業統計分析結果顯示，使用PDP法來進行測驗的結果發現，分配性注意力只在強關聯情況下影響“Pc”，但不影響“Pu”的機率值。實驗四使用PTP法的結果發現，分配性注意力在強關聯和弱關聯兩種都會影響“Pu “和“Pc”的機率值。
綜合本研究結果，在實驗二使用PTP法發現，在項目特殊性的情況操弄分配性注意力會影響意識記憶和無意識記憶的表現，但在項目相關性的登錄方式下並沒有顯著的分配憶注意力效果。此結果顯示，注意力與概念性促發效果間有更複雜的關係，符合“項目特殊性與項目相關性登錄歷程”的預測。在實驗三使用PDP法所得的結果顯示，只有在強關聯的情況，在Pc上有分配性注意力的單純主要效果，結果並不支持TAP或競爭與非競爭接觸歷程的觀點。而使用PTP法所得結果發現，不管在強弱關聯情況，分配性注意力會影響無意識估計值Pu和意識估計值Pc，此結果顯示，注意力會影響概念性促發效果，並不會因為強弱關聯程度的不同而有所差異，並不符合競爭與非競爭接觸歷程的觀點，但仍然可用“項目特殊性與項目相關性”的觀點加以解釋。

緒論 1
兩類記憶：內隱記憶與外顯記憶 2
兩類歷程：知覺性與概念性歷程 5
內隱與外顯作業 7
注意力在內隱記憶的角色 10
概念性內隱記憶測驗與注意力的關係 12
項目特殊性與項目相關性登錄處理 15
競爭-非競爭接觸處理 18
外在意識的污染 20
歷程分離程序 23
測驗後分離法 26
研究問題與假設 30
概念性登錄導向作業 30
概念性作業的種類 32
外在意識污染 33
實驗一 36
實驗方法 36
結果與討論 40
實驗二 45
實驗方法 45
結果與討論 46
實驗三 50
實驗方法 50
結果與討論 53
實驗四 57
實驗方法 57
結果與討論 59
綜合討論 63
歷程分離程序與測驗後分離法 63
內隱記憶理論上的探討 68
結論 71
參考文獻 74
附錄一：實驗一類別正例刺激材料問卷 80
附錄二：實驗使用之刺激材料 84
附錄三：實驗指導語 89
附錄四：記憶測驗作業之答案卷 94

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