臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

薄膜的型態結構，基本上為薄膜分離技術應用中之重要關鍵。本文經由對薄膜機制的建立，進而控制聚乙烯醇薄膜的型態結構，以符合各種應用之需要。首先，添加了酸到鑄造液後，描述在鑄造液和沈澱液之間親和力的改變，用來決定薄膜的形成機制；另外，添加了高分子添加劑到鑄造液後，描述添加劑與鑄造液及添加劑與沈澱液之間的親和力，用來研究不同高分子添加劑對薄膜形成的影響；實驗結果也看出，不同的添加劑對薄膜的結構與穿透能力有不同的影響。
研究了聚乙烯醇在水與二甲基亞風的混合溶劑中，25℃時的平衡相行為。利用Flory-Huggins 的兩成分作用力參數及外加的三成分作用力參數後，可將理論計算與實驗結果得到較佳的逼近；也可從相圖中證實，聚乙烯醇在混和溶劑中，會發生液液相分離。
最後，因為聚乙烯醇具有生物不活潑的性質，故將其應用在生物醫學領域。利用半透膜包覆蘭氏小島，抵抗宿主免疫系統的免疫攻擊，是目前治療第一型糖尿病的方法；因而添加聚乙二醇使得薄膜皮層產生孔洞，改善薄膜的擴散性質；再利用數學模式與實驗數據探討，可得到相當滿意的結果。並且，為了改進聚乙烯醇的生物適應性，摻合了幾丁聚醣，探討聚乙烯醇與聚乙烯醇/幾丁聚醣摻合薄膜之物性與化性，如電子顯微鏡、熱示差掃瞄分析儀、X射線光電子分光儀，另外，也以細胞貼附及細胞成長，來評估摻合前後生物適合性的改變。

From the technological point of view, the most important problem is to obtain the optimum morphological structure of membranes to meet with the requirements for a wide range of application. In this study, the membrane formation mechanisms are proposed to control the morphology structure of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane, which prepared by phase inversion process. First, a mechanism describing the affinity between the casting solution and the coagulant medium is proposed to estimate PVA membrane structure by adding the acid in the complex system. Second, a mechanism describing that the affinity between additive and casting solution as well as between additive and coagulant medium is proposed to investigate the effect of dextran and PVP additives in the formation of PVA membranes. Experimental results show that the additives exert a different influence on the structure and filtration properties of membranes.
The equilibrium phase behavior of semicrystalline PVA was studied at 25 ℃ by using two solvents (water and dimethylsulfoxide) for one year observation. When the ternary interaction parameter (T) in the modified Flory-Huggins theory was considered, the good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions and experimental findings. From the ternary phase diagram, it was proved that the liquid-liquid demixing could occur in the mixtures of water and DMSO.
Finally, the PVA is developed for biomedical applications because of its bioinertness. Islets of Langerhans surrounded by a semipermeable PVA membrane to prevent an immune response by the host immunosystem is a potential way of treating type I diabetes mellitus. PVA tubular membranes with added polyethylene glycol to create pores in the skin layer were prepared to improve their diffusion property. And a mathematical mass transfer model of insulin release was developed and compared with the perifusion data. In addition, the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVA/chitosan blended membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). These reflect the PVA membrane can be modified by blending with chitosan that in turn may affect the biocompatibility of the blended membrane. Therefore, adhesion and growth of fibroblasts on the PVA as well as PVA/chitosan blended membranes were investigated.

封面
誌謝
中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章　前言
１－１　研究動機
１－２　研究內容
第二章　文獻回顧
２－１　薄膜
２－２　聚乙烯醇
２－３　添加劑
２－４　三成分相圖
２－５　人工胰臟
２－６　生物適應性
第三章　醋酸對聚乙烯醇薄膜的影響
３－１　實驗材料與方法
３－２　結果與討論
３－３　本章結論
第四章　高分子添加劑對聚乙烯醇薄膜的影響
４－１　實驗材料與方法
４－２　結果與討論
４－３　本章結論
第五章　聚乙烯醇再 Water-DMSO 混合溶劑的平衡相行為
５－１　三成分相圖的理論計算
５－２　實驗方法
５－３　結果與討論
５－４　本章結論
第六章　聚乙烯醇管子應用於人工胰臟之探討
６－１　實驗材料與方法
６－２　結果與討論
６－３　本章結論
第七章　PVA/Chitosan 摻合性質及生物適合性之研究
７－１　實驗材料與方法
７－２　結果與討論
７－３　本章結論
第八章　總結與建議
第九章　參考資料
作者簡介

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