臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

流水式九孔集約立體養殖法不但影響存活率和飼料換肉效率，每日換水23回，水質變化大，用電支出高，且養殖排放廢水對沿岸海域生態產生衝擊。為考慮沿岸海域環境生態平衡、物質充分利用並節省電力支出，設計一套包括氣泡吸附過濾法及沈澱法兩種功能的氣泡柱，以收集去除九孔池水中之顆粒及總氮，並探討循環水養殖方式中顆粒（SS）和總氮（TN）物質累積濃度及兩種收集設備對兩種物質的處理效率，做為物質充分利用之生物混養試驗設計參考。飼養槽水深120公分，容積約1噸，九孔放養垂直8層，共900個幼貝，日換水率10%，氣泡柱容積23公升，沈澱槽容積4公升，系統循環流量7公升/分，柱內水力停留時間約197秒，九孔槽水每日循環處理10回。氣泡柱分散盤孔徑120μm，設計入氣量15公升/分。結果顯示，養殖成果與張（1998）流水式養殖成果大致相近。九孔池水中粒徑小於100μm之顆粒個數濃度約99.5％，而粒徑介於200∼600μm間之顆粒在體積濃度上約佔95.1％。此外，池水中溶解性TN與固體性TN各約佔74％與26％，顆粒的TN和SS比值約為1.1％。在顆粒重量濃度去除效率方面，由泡沫分離法收集約41％，再經由沈澱槽收集約7％，處理過的回水中仍約有52％的顆粒。氣泡柱收集池水中溶解性與固體性總氮效率分別約44％與34％。此循環系統中收集得到之有機物質將可經由混養第二種生物系統充分利用，減低排放水對海域生態環境衝擊。

The multilayer running flow type(flow-through) culture is general in Taiwanese abalone culture in recent years. However, the survival rate and food conversion ratio are low. With the twenty-three times daily exchange of seawater, the quality of water varies, the energy costs expense and the large amount of wastewater pollutes the neighboring coastal waters. Considering the expensive energy costs and the nutrient balance in the coastal waters, a water recirculating multilayer abalone culture system was designed and tested. Removal of solids and total nitrogen by a bubble column and a sedimentation(settling) tank was investigated. Two circular tanks, each with eight layers of cultural baskets and nine hundred spats, were set up. The water depth was maintained 120cm and the water volume of each tank was (about) 1m3. The volumes of the bubble column and the sedimentation(settling) tank were 23 and 4 liters, respectively, and the hydraulic retention time in the column was 197 seconds. Daily water exchange rate was 10% and the internal recirculation rate was ten times per day. The growth performance was similar to that of the running flow type culture (Chang, 1998). In our system, 99.5% of solids in number were under 100 micron, while 95.1% of solids in volume were between 200 and 600 micron.Liquid- dissolved nitrogen wastes and solid-nitrogen wastes were 74% and 26%, respectively and the solid-nitrogen wastes weighed (about) 1.1% of solids. The bubble column removed 41% of solids in weight, while the sedimentation(settling) tank removed 7%. The bubble column also removed 44% of dissolved-nitrogen wastes and 34% of solid-nitrogen wastes. In view of complete use of nutrients and avoiding wastewater pollution, these organic compounds collected can be used by some other aquaculture system as a secondary profit.

表目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
圖目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ
中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅳ
英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅴ
第一章 前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1.1 研究背景．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1.2 研究目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
第二章 文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
2.1 國內流水式立體養殖現況．．．．．．．．．4
2.2 顆粒去除．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
2.3 總氮去除．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 11
第三章 材料與方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 12
3.1 實驗器材．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 12
3.2 實驗方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 16
第四章 結果與討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 24
第五章 結論與建議．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 39
參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 42

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