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The current demands of blue light sources are emerging for the academic and industrial applications. However, short wavelength industrial grade lasers cannot be easily fabricated with the existing semiconductor laser techniques. Using second harmonic generation, sum frequency generation or difference frequency generation on nonlinear crystals, it is possible to produce lasers covering the whole spectral range with the current availability of limited laser sources. With quasi-phase matching technique, it only requires the coupling of light to the nonlinear crystal which has periodic domain inversion grating and waveguide structures, and a subsequently efficient double frequency generation of light can be made. As we enhance the optic field by focusing light into the waveguides, the nonlinear phenomena will be more pronounced. We introduce periodic domain inversion via diffusion of titanium, in combination with nickel-indiffused and annealed proton exchange waveguides, and fan-out design of grating. Aimed at a fundamental pump frequency of 980nm diode laser, we successfully produced devices of second harmonic generation for blue light. The calculated normalized conversion efficiency is about 2.6%/W. We also discuss the compatibility of the fabrication processes of waveguide and periodic domain inversion, and prove the processes would not destroy the structure of periodic domain inversion.
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