臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本文的目的在提出一個方法，把結構性質的檢測結果應用在可靠度分析方法中，以便對結構物做更精準的安全度評估。本文所探討的結構物為單跨的鋼筋混凝土橋梁，假設橋梁已損傷，混凝土抗壓強度下降，我們利用台大應力所非破壞檢測實驗室所研發的暫態彈性波法來檢測混凝土抗壓強度的變化，然後以貝氏統計法利用檢測結果來修正混凝土抗壓強度的機率分佈，再以更新後的混凝土抗壓強度機率分佈對結構重新作可靠度評估。我們先以數值方法討論不同強度混凝土的修正情形，並比較單次與多次檢測的修正效果，再以一階可靠度法來對結構物進行可靠度與敏感度分析；我們發現，隨著修正次數的增加，混凝土強度分佈之平均值有越來越接近真實強度的趨勢，結構的可靠度指數也越來越接近真實的可靠度指數。另外敏感度分析的結果也顯示，鋼筋強度對結構可靠度指數的影響甚大於混凝土強度，由此可以幫助我們決定鋼筋混凝土橋梁的維修策略。
關鍵詞:可靠度分析、暫態彈性波法、貝氏統計法

第一章 導論………………………………………………………1
1-1 前言………………………………………………………1
1-2 文獻回顧…………………………………………………2
1-3 內容大綱…………………………………………………5
第二章 結構可靠度分析…………………………………………6
2-1 簡介結構可靠度…………………………………………6
2-2 一階可靠度法……………………………………………8
2-3 敏感度分析…………………………………………… 10
2-4 可靠度之再評估………………………………………..11
第三章 橋梁之可靠度分析模型…………………………………14
3-1 橋梁之設計規範………………………………………..14
3-2 靜載重模型……………………………………………..16
3-3 活載重及動態載重模型………………………………..18
3-4 強度模型……………………………………….……….21
第四章 混凝土抗壓強度之貝氏修正……………………………29
4-1 貝氏定理………………………………………………..30
4-2 貝氏修正………………………………………………..31
4-3 應用非破壞檢測重建混凝土抗壓強度之後分佈……..32
4-3-1 建立混凝土抗壓強度與暫態波速間之統計模型…... 33
4-4 建立混凝土抗壓強度之後分佈……………………….. 39
第五章 數值算例…………………………………………………49
5-1 混凝土抗壓強度之後分佈……………………………..49
5-2 單跨混凝土橋梁之可靠度分析………………………..56
第六章 結論與展望………………………………………………83
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 86

參考文獻
1:Ang, A.H.S. and Tang, W.K. (1984) ”Probability Concepts in
Engineering Planning and Design, Vol.1 Basic Principles and Vol.2
Decision, Risk, and Reliability” Wiley, New York.
2:Barker, R.M. and Puckett, J.A. (1997) “Design of highway bridges: based on AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications” John Wiley, New York.
3:Casella,G. and Berger, R.L. (1990) “Statistical Inference” Duxbury Press,Belmont,California.
4: Das, Parag C. (1997) ”Safety of bridges” Distributors, American
Society of Civil Engineers, Publications Sales Dept., New York.
5:Ellingwood, B.R. (1999) “Reliability-based Structural Design Current Status and Challenges” Asian-Pacific Symposium on Structural Reliability and its Applications,February 1-3, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
6: Hwang, Eui-Seung and Nowak, A.S. (1991) “Simulation of dynamic load for bridges” Journal of Structural Engineering , ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 5,
pp.1411-1434
7: Kleinbaum, D.G. and Kupper, L.L. (1978) ”Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods” Duxbury Press, North Scituate.
8: Liu, P.-L. and Der Kiureghian, A. (1989) ”Finite-Element Reliability Methods for Geometrically Nonlinear Stochastic Structure Report No. UCB/SEMM-89/05,Department of Civil Engineering,Division of Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics, University of California Berkely,Ca,Jan.1989.
9: Liu, P.L. and Chian, C.C. (1997) ”Parametric Identification of Truss
Structures Using Static Strains” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 7, pp.927-933.
10: Madsen, H.O. and Krenk, S. and Lind, N.C. (1986) “Methods of Structural Safety” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
11: Melchers, R.E. (1987) “Structural Reliability analysis and Prediction”
Wiley, New York.
12:Nowak, A.S. and Hong, Young-Kyun (1991) “Bridge live load models” Journal of Structural Engineering , ASCE, Vol. 117, No.9,
pp.2757-2767.
13:Nowak, A.S. (1995) “Calibration of LRFD bridge code” Journal of
Structural Engineering ,ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 8, pp.1245-1251.
14:Nowak, A.S. and Yamani, A.S. and Tabsh, S.W. (1995)
“ Probabilistic models for resistance of concrete bridge girders”
ACI Structural Journal , Vol. 91, No. 3, pp.269-275.
15: Connor, Colin and Pritchard, R.W. (1985) “Impact studies on small composite girder bridge” Journal of Structural Engineering , ASCE,
Vol. 111, No. 3, pp.641-653.
16: Tabsh, S.W. and Nowak, A.S. (1991) “Reliability of highway girder bridge,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 8,
pp. 2372-2387.
17: Xanthakos, P.P. (1996) “Bridge strengthening and rehabilitation” Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New York.
18:陳義松 (1998) “結構識別後之可靠度再評估” 國立台灣大學應用力學所碩士論文
19:王俊揚 (1998) “非破壞性混凝土品質檢測系統之研究與應用” 國立台灣大學應用力學所碩士論文