臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
認知障礙是指犬隻年老後才出現的行為改變，但無法將其歸因為疾病因素或感覺運動功能障礙所造成。這些行為上的改變可分成以下四類：一為喪失方向感、二為與家人的互動減少、三為睡眠週期的擾亂及活動力的改變、四為喪失先前的居家生活規矩。本研究的目的是調查8歲以上的犬隻是否有認知障礙的臨床呈相及認知障礙的盛行率，進而比較年齡、性別、品種、飼養方式以及頭部外傷、犬瘟熱病史及車禍等既往歷，以探討彼等對於老年犬認知障礙的發生是否有顯著的影響。調查的對象是台大農學院附設動物醫院87年初診病例中7歲以上，即調查時為8歲以上的犬隻，總數為479隻。調查的方法是以郵寄問卷的方式訪問畜主。共回收了189份有效問卷，回收率約為39.5％。所有參與研究的犬隻中，有32％的犬隻至少有一項認知障礙的症狀。若將這些症狀分成下列四類，則於喪失方向感方面有14.4％，與家人互動減少方面有16.0％，睡眠週期擾亂及活動力改變方面有15.5％，喪失居家生活規矩方面則僅有4.3％。危險因子只有年齡和體型二項對認知障礙有顯著的影響，即年齡愈高，盛行率愈高；體型愈小，盛行率愈高。其他因子如性別、飼養方式及頭部傷害記錄等則對認知障礙的發生無顯著的影響。老年犬的族群已逐漸增加，因此獸醫師應該對這個老年性的問題有所認知並以適當的方法處理之。

Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is considered as the age-related or geriatric behavioral changes that are not attributable to general medical conditions or sensory or motor impairment. These behavioral changes can be assigned to the following four categories: 1. disorientation, 2. decreasing social interactions with family members, 3. disturbances of the sleep/wake cycle and decreased activity, 4. loss of prior housetraining. The study was to identify the dogs more than 8 years old whether exhibit clinical signs of cognitive dysfunction and to investigate the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction. With comparison of age, sex, breed, feeding form and the histories of head injury, canine distemper or car accident, the significant risk factors of cognitive dysfunction were determined. The total of 479 dogs were more than 7 years old and first attended at the Animal Hospital of National Taiwan University in 1998 and were just more than 8 years old in this investigation. The methodology was to mail questionnaire to the owners. One hundred and eighty-nine of 479 questionnaires were returned and the response rate was 39.5%. Thirty-two percent of the total dogs in this study had at least one of the clinical signs of cognitive dysfunction. While these signs were assigned to the said four categories: disorientation was 14.4%, decreasing social interactions with family members was 16.0%, disturbances of the sleep/wake cycle and decreased activity was 15.5% and loss of prior housetraining was 4.3%. Age and body size were significant risk factors of cognitive dysfunction. The older dogs as well as smaller ones were at higher risk. Other factors such as sex, feeding form and the history of head injury were not significant risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Because the longevity of canine population is increasing steadily, the veterinarians should recognize this geriatric problem and deal with it appropriately.

目次
中文摘要………………………………………………………….. Ⅲ
英文摘要………………………………………………………….. Ⅳ
圖次………………………………………………………….……. Ⅴ
表次………………………………………………………….……. Ⅵ
誌謝………………………………………………………….……. Ⅶ
第一章 前言……………………………………………………… 1
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………… 3
第一節 老年犬認知障礙的相關研究……………………… 3
一、臨床呈相的建立………………………………….. 3
二、盛行率的調查…………………………………….. 4
三、神經精神學方面的研究………………………….. 5
四、組織病理學方面的研究………………………….. 6
五、治療藥物的研究………………………………….. 9
第二節 老年犬常見之疾病症狀和可能引起的行為問題... 11
一、內分泌性疾病…………………………………..… 11
二、心肺、肝及腎臟等器官的疾病………………..… 12
三、肌肉骨骼系統的疾病…………………………..… 13
四、視、聽功能障礙的疾病………………………..… 13
五、中樞神經系統的疾病…………………………..… 14
第三節 與老年犬認知障礙相混淆的行為問題…………… 16
第三章 研究設計、材料與方法………………………………… 18
第一節 研究設計…………………………………………… 18
一、認知障礙的臨床呈相…………..………………… 18
二、需排除的疾病與行為問題……..………………… 19
三、危險因子的探討………………..………………… 22
四、畜主對犬隻瞭解程度的評估…..………………… 22
Ⅰ
第二節 研究材料與方法…………………………………… 24
一、問卷內容…………………………..……………… 24
二、受訪人名冊……………………..………………… 25
三、預訪……………………………..………………… 26
四、正式調查………………………..………………… 26
五、統計分析………………………..………………… 27
第四章 研究結果………………………………………………… 28
第一節 問卷回收率及代表性的評估……………………… 28
第二節 受訪人及犬隻的基本資料………………………… 29
一、受訪人的基本資料…………..…………………… 29
二、犬隻的基本資料……………..…………………… 29
第三節 疾病症狀與認知障礙臨床呈相的頻率資料……… 36
一、疾病症狀的頻率資料及可能疾病的排除標準…… 36
二、認知障礙臨床呈相的頻率資料…………………… 41
第四節 危險因子的分析結果……………………………… 46
第五章 研究討論………………………………………………… 52
第一節 問卷回收率與代表性的討論……………………… 52
第二節 受訪人及犬隻基本資料的討論…………………… 54
一、受訪人基本資料的討論…………………………… 54
二、犬隻基本資料的討論……………………………… 55
第三節 疾病症狀與認知障礙臨床呈相之頻率的討論…… 58
一、有關疾病症狀及原有行為問題的討論………… 58
二、有關認知障礙臨床呈相的討論…………………… 59
第四節 危險因子對認知障礙發生影響的探討…………… 63
第六章 研究結論與建議………………………………………… 68
參考文獻………………………………………………………….. 70
附錄………………………………………………………………… 75
Ⅱ

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