臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究是針對退化性生產系統，為有效的控制其產出產品的品質而採取系統維護或產品檢驗等策略，以達到降低不良品的目的。並研究這些策略對經濟製造批量所造成的影響作探討。這是源於生產系統一旦處於失控狀態，其產出的產品會有一部份的比例是不良品。因此，適當的製造批量以及對生產系統實施適宜的檢驗維修計畫是有其必要的，以使得系統能有效益的運作。通常，對退化的生產系統執行檢驗並作必要的修復，之後再實施預防保養的工作將有助於提升該系統的可靠度。因此，文獻上即有學者提出"檢驗/預防維修"策略用於經濟製造批量模式。然而，此模式卻不易同時求解最佳的"檢驗/預防維修"策略以及最佳的經濟製造批量，而必須以一個二維度的搜尋方式來找出最佳解。故我們對此模式解的結構做進一步的研究，並證明出在任意的批量生產時間內，安排某一檢驗次數，則最佳的檢驗區間會是相等並且是存在且唯一的。我們進一步找出最佳的檢驗區間的上、下界限，以縮小最佳解的搜尋範圍。藉此得以迅速找出最佳檢驗區間。至於最佳檢驗次數的發生與否，我們亦提供了兩條判斷的準則，以避免不必要的搜尋，而提升最佳解求算的效率。
此外，缺貨後補的情況是被允許時，我們更進一步研究如何同時決定最佳"生產/檢驗/預防維修"計畫，而且維修的結果可能是不完善的。此時，我們推導出該模型的成本函數，並對其最小化，以求解最佳的"生產/檢驗/預防維修"計畫。此模式亦將顯示其為一些文獻上結果之推廣。並以一數例來說明此模型。
上述的研究都是假設維修檢驗的時間都可忽略不計。然而，在實務上，許多的生產系統於生產過程中不容中斷製程，遑論在製程中實施維修。為此，為有效的控制產品品質，生產結束後的品質管制愈加顯示其重要。亦即，須設計一適當的產品檢驗策略，以有效的控制產品品質。於是，我們利用退化性生產系統的特質，採取只對批量後段部分的產品做檢驗。以此原則建立一生產與產品檢驗的策略，並推導出單位時間的平均成本，進而對其做最小化以求得最佳生產與產品檢驗的策略。其最佳策略之唯一性亦將被論及。而對於兩種常被使用的產品檢驗策略："全檢"與"全不檢"亦為文討論之。在這兩種策略下將顯示最佳的製造批量恒小於傳統的經濟製造批量。而全檢的策略將是先前文獻上的結果。最後，我們將探討資金投資決策於退化性生產系統可靠度的提升其所帶來的經濟效益，並以數值例子來說明此結果。

We study the Economical Manufacturing Quantity ( EMQ )
problem in the presence of an imperfect process. When the production process goes out of control, the production process produces some proportion of defective items. Thus, lot sizing and periodic inspection of the process are needed to operate the system economically. Performing a Preventive maintenance (PM) action immediately after inspection and possible adjustment of the production process will be helpful to enhance the process reliability of a deteriorating production system; thus, an EMQ model for production/PM was proposed in the literature. However, it is not easy to derive the optimal lot sizing and inspection/PM policy simultaneously. Therefore, a two-dimensional search procedure is needed to find the optimal production/PM scheme. Thus, we study the structural properties of the production/PM problem and show the uniqueness of the optimal inspection interval for a given number of inspections in a production run. To solve the production/PM problem, we provide lower and upper bounds for the optimal inspection interval when the number of inspections (PMs) is given during a production run and use them to reduce the search ranges in a numerical solution procedure. Also, a criterion for stopping the process of searching for the optimal production/PM policy is provided.
Furthermore, we study the joint control problem of production planning and maintenance inspection scheduling under a deteriorating production system where possibility of incurring shortages is allowed. An extended maintenance inspection model for a deteriorating production system is investigated. The objective is joint determination of the lost size and the maintenance inspection schedule to minimize the long-run expected average cost per unit time. Various special cases are studied in detail. A numerical example is given to illustrate the use of the method.
Previous studies have been based on the assumption that the restoration time of the process is negligible during a production run. However, there are many production processes where it is either impossible or expensive to interrupt the production process during a production run, or where it is not possible to detect the deterioration of the process. Therefore, it becomes more important to find a method for the optimization of production-inventory and product inspection policies for deteriorating production systems. Taking advantage of the nature of a deteriorating production system, a strategy would be not to inspect the first $S$ items of the batch. Therefore, an inspection policy which disregards the first (DTF- ) items of the batch is proposed. Under the DTF- policy, we do not inspect the first $S$ produced items but inspect only those items from the th till the end of the production run. The objective of this study was the joint determination of the production lot size and the inspection policy $S$, resulting in a minimization of the expected average cost per unit time. Based on this model, the underlying conditions necessary for the existence of an optimal policy are given. Two commonly used inspection strategies, no inspection and full inspection are discussed. Under both inspection strategies, an optimal production-inventory lot is bounded above by the traditional economic quantity. The case of full inspection is shown to be an extension of previously reported results. The option of investing in the process of quality improvement is also discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the method and its advantages in the conclusion.

封面
Contents
Abstract
Acknowledgements
List of tables
List of figures
List of notations
1 Introductionn
1.1 Background
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Scope and purpose
2 An Optimal Production/Preventive Maintenance(PM) Policy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mathematical model
2.3 Properties of the production/PM policy
2.4 Numerical experiments
3 An extended Production/PM model for a deteriorating productionsystem
3.1 Mathematical formulation
3.2 The optimal production/PM policy
3.3 Special cases
3.4 Numerical examples
4 The optimal production-inventory and product inspection policies
4.1 Problem formulation
4.1.1 Disregard the First S policy(DTF-S)
4.1.2 The cost function
4.2 The optimal Production/Inventory/Inspection policy(N*,S*)
4.3 Special cases
4.4 Process quality improvement policy
4.5 Numerical examples
5 Conclusions
Appendixx
Bibliography
其他

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