臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究中以瓶杯試驗比較不同混凝劑濃度及酸鹼值對處理效果之影響。結果顯示在酸鹼值7.0時為最適混凝條件。而在固定酸鹼值條件下，加入鋁鹽混凝，再以聚電解質進行助凝，其結果顯示在添加低劑量高分子下即能有效的將濁度去除。而在高分子加藥順序影響方面，加入聚氯化二甲基己二烯銨混凝-絮凝時，會因為加藥順序的的不同而使濁度的去除產生惡化的情形。但以幾丁聚醣助凝時，則不會有影響。
透過膠羽的粒徑大小的觀察，結果顯示單獨以鋁鹽混凝時產生之膠羽較小，而加入高分子能增加膠羽粒徑。並經由沈降速度與超音波震盪前後之粒徑比，可計算出膠羽強度。當加入幾丁聚醣助凝時，膠羽強度僅隨著劑量增加而增加，但不受加藥順序影響，推測是因為較高的電荷密度，容易將粒子間斥力降低，形成較緊密的膠羽。以聚氯化二甲基己二烯銨助凝時，若先加入高分子混凝再以鋁鹽絮凝時，因高分子無法有效的進行電性中和，而產生孔隙度較大的膠羽，導致膠羽強度產生惡化現象。因此，膠羽強度的趨勢可作為濁度去除效率之指標。

The treatment of high-turbidity raw water by coagulation-flocculation process was investigated in this study. Raw water of various turbudities were prepared with kaolin. Alum was used as coagulant, while synthetic Cat-Floc T and chitosan were used as flocculant in coagulation-flocculation reactions.
Jar tests were carried out to assess optimum conditions for turbidity removal. Experimental results indicate that alum at concentration higher than 8.0 mg/L could yield good removal efficiency of water with initial turbidity of 790NTU. The use of both polyelectrolytes decreased the alum dosage needed. The removal efficiency as decreased dosing sequence of Cat-Floc T reversed. However, it was not found in using chitosan as flocculant.
Floc size generated by alum is smaller than by alum in combination with polyelectrolyte. It was found that floc strength increased with increasing chitosan dosage, and was not affect by dosing sequence. When Cat-Floc T was used, floc strength also increased with increasing dosage. However, different dosing sequence resulted in different floc strength. It is proposed that chitosan, with higher charge density, generates more compact flocs owing to the stronger electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, relatively loose flocs were formed when Cat-Floc T was used, and hence were affected by dosing sequence.

中 文 摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌 謝 III
目 錄 IV
圖表目錄 VI
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 1
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 2
2.1 高濁度水來源及處理 2
2.1.1 原水濁度遽增的起因 2
2.1.2 高濁度原水對淨水操作的影響 5
2.1.3 高濁度水之處理 6
2.2 化學混凝 8
2.2.1 混凝作用 8
2.2.2 鋁鹽混凝特性 8
2.3 高分子凝聚劑 10
2.3.1 絮凝機制 10
2.3.2 使用之高分子特性 11
2.4 碎形維度與膠羽強度 12
2.4.1 碎形理論 12
2.4.2 膠羽強度 13
第三章 實驗設備與方法 15
3.1實驗材料 15
3.1.1 純化高嶺土 15
3.1.2 模擬高濁度原水 16
3.2實驗藥品 16
3.3 實驗設備與裝置 18
3.4 實驗項目與步驟 19
3.5分析測定方法 20
3.5.1 殘餘濁度分析 21
3.5.2 界達電位分析 21
3.5.3 總有機碳（TOC）分析 21
3.5.4 UV-VIS光譜分析 22
3.5.5 粒徑分佈分析 22
3.5.6 自由沈降測試 22
3.5.7 電荷密度 23
3.6 樣品分析 27
3.6.1 濁度測定 27
3.6.2 界達電位測定(Zeta potential) 27
3.6.3 總有機碳(TOC)分析 27
3.6.4 粒徑分析(Particle Size) 28
3.6.5 沈降速度分析(Settling Velocity) 28
第四章 結果與討論 29
4.1 酸鹼值之影響 30
4.2 高濁度及超高濁度原水處理之比較 37
4.2.1. 原水濁度 1 g/L (as kaolin) 37
4.2.2. 原水濁度 10 g/L (as kaolin) 42
4.3 高分子加藥順序之影響 47
4.4 膠羽粒徑與膠羽強度 60
第五章 結論與建議 68
參考文獻 69
附 錄 81
作者簡介 82

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