臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究合成三系列低起泡性之染色助劑，包括Ethoxylated hydroxysulphobetaine構造之兩性離子界面活性劑、陰離子化Polyethylenated stearylamine構造之陰非離子界面活性劑及Sililone modified polyester非離子界面活性劑；所合成之界面活性劑皆以IR、NMR及元素分析法等測定，確認其分子構造，並測試其基本界面性質，包括表面張力、起泡性、接觸角等。應用性質之測試包括酸性染料染尼龍布、直接染料染棉布及分散性染料染聚酯布時，添加染色助劑之染色現象變化，如染色速度、染料與助劑之相互作用及分散染料之高溫分散效果。
　　三系列染色助劑之分子構造中含有多重親水基及疏水基，故起泡性及泡沫安定性均甚低，適合於水溶液低泡之用途。
合成助劑亦呈現優異之界面性質，包括降低表面張力、濕潤性等，ethoxylated hydroxysulphobetaine及Polyoxye thylenated stearylamine構造之界面活性劑，使用在酸性染料染尼龍織物及直接染料染棉織物時，依染料之構造不同，呈現緩染及促染效果，其原因為染料及助劑形成複合體之性質不同，對纖維之親和力大小不同所致。Silicone modified polyester使用於分散性染料染聚酯織物時可增加聚酯織物之柔軟性，呈現防止織物起皺之效果。

ABSTRACT
Three series of low-foaming dyeing auxiliaries has been prepared in the study. These auxiliaries were ethoxylated hydroxysulphobetaine amphoteric surfactants, anionic derivatives of polyoxyethylenated stearylamine anionic-nonionic surfactants and silicone modified polyesters nonionic surfactants. The structure of these surfactants was confirmed by infra-red, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. The surface activities of these surfactants, including surface tension, foaming properties and wetting power, has been studied. The application properties of these auxiliaries, including the effect on dyeing of nylon fabrics by acid dyes, cotton fabrics by direct dyes and polyester fabrics by disperse dyes, has also been studied. These effects included rate of dyeing, interaction of dye-auxiliaries and dispersant properties of disperse dyes at elevated dyeing temperature.
The three series of dyeing auxiliaries were found to display low-foaming properties and low-foaming stability. These excellent low-foaming properties were due to the presence of multi-hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the structure.
These auxiliaries were found to exhibit good surface activities, including surface tension an wetting power. In the presence of ethoxylated hydroxysulphobetaine and anionic derivatives of polyoxyethylenated stearylamine auxiliaries for nylon-acid dye and cotton-direct dye systems, complexes formed between them and different dyes having different properties, and can increase or decrease the rate of dyeing. The auxiliaries of silicone modified polyesters has been found to exhibit good anti-crease properties for fabrics in polyester fabric dyeing process.

封面
目錄
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 研究目的
1.3 文獻回顧
1.3.1 染色助劑之種類
1.3.2 酸性染料沒色用均染劑
1.3.3 直接染料染色用均染劑
1.3.4 染色浴中防皺均染劑
1.4 相關理論
1.4.1 界面活性劑之基本性質
1.1.4.1 表面張力
1.4.1.2 濕潤性
1.4.2 起泡、消泡及低泡性
1.4.2.1 起泡現象
1.4.2.2 膜彈性之理論
1.4.2.3 影響膜保存之因子(泡安定性)
1.4.2.4 界面活性劑構造與起泡性
1.4.2.5 消泡劑之入
1.4.3 染色理論
1.4.3.1 酸性染料之染色機構
1.4.3.2 直接染料之染色機構
1.4.3.3 分散染料之染色機構
1.4.4 均染劑之作用機構
1.4.4.1 纖維親和型與染料親和型
1.4.4.2 染料-界面活性劑之相互作用
第二章 實驗
2.1 實驗材料
2.1.1 合成原料
2.1.2 試藥
2.1.3 染色用布
2.1.4 染料
2.2 主要實驗設備
2.3 實驗方法
2.3.1 合成
2.3.1.1 Ethyoxyethylenated hydroxysulphobentaine之合成
2.3.1.2 Polyoxyethylenated stearylamine之陰離子衍生物之合成
2.3.1.3 Silicone modified polyester之合成
2.3.2 基本性能之測定
2.3.2.1 表面張力
2.3.2.2 起泡性之測定
2.3.2.3 接觸角之測定
2.3.3 應用性能之測定
2.3.3.1 染料與界面活性劑之相互作用
2.3.3.2 染色性之測定
2.3.3.3 分散染料高溫分散性之測定
2.3.3.4 纖物柔軟性之測定
第三章 結果與討論
3.1 Ethoxylated hydroxysulphobentaine之合成及其性質
3.1.1 合成
3.1.2 分析
3.1.3 基本性質
3.1.3.1 表面張力
3.1.3.2 臨界微胞濃度
3.1.3.3 起泡性
3.1.3.4 濕潤性
3.1.3.5 耐酸、鹼及電解值性
3.1.4 應用性質
3.1.4.1 助劑對尼龍纖維之酸性染料染色之影響
3.1.4.2 助劑與酸性染料之相互作用
3.1.4.3 助劑對棉織物之直接染料染色之影響
3.1.4.4 助劑與直接染料之相互作用
3.1.5 結論
3.2 Polyoxyethylenated stearylamine之離子衍生物之合成及其性質
3.2.1 合成
3.2.2 分析
3.2.3 基本性質
3.2.3.1 表面張力
3.2.3.2 臨界微胞濃度
3.2.3.3 起泡性
3.2.3.4 濕潤性
3.2.4 應用性質
3.2.4.1 助劑對棉織物之直接染料染色之影響
3.2.4.2 助劑與直接染料之相互作用
3.2.5 結論
3.3 Silicone modified polyester之合成其性質
3.3.1 合成
3.3.2 分析
3.3.3 基本性質
3.3.3.1 表面張力
3.3.3.2 起泡性
3.3.3.3 濕潤性
3.3.4 應用性質
3.3.4.1 助劑對分散染料之高溫分散性之影響
3.3.4.2 助劑對織物柔軟性之影響
3.3.4.3 助劑對聚酯織物之分散染料染色之影響
3.3.5 結論
第四章 總結論
第五章 參考文獻
附錄：已發表論文著作
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