臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣都市計畫(1945-1976)建立之歷程，初期係以承續日治時代所遺留之都市計畫法制與計畫案，1964年之後才有國人重修都市計畫法及新擬定之都市計畫案。戰後雖有許多相關之研究，但因為撰寫或引用史料之謬誤，致使各家之研究結果各有不同。本研究係以調查都市計畫第1手史料為主，經長期調查戰後臺灣省政府之公報，篩選都市計畫相關史料，同時配合前省政府建設廳之計畫案書圖史料，將本研究之結果予以歸納後，予以歷史分期，期以了解戰後臺灣都市計畫建立之歷程。
廣義之「都市計畫」史料，諸如人口、產業、交通、及都市發展等均屬之。本文所稱「都市計畫」史料，係指狹義之都市計畫史料，即「公報」中有關都市計畫法制之創立及修正，重要者如1939年國府於大陸所公布之「都市計畫法」，內容簡單，僅有原則性規定。光復後1945年國民政府公告日治時代法令仍繼續援用。再者如由內政部於1956年先行發布「實施都市計畫注意事項」，為戰後臺灣實施都市計畫之過渡性措施，規定都市計畫發布之時限、方法及都市計畫圖與地籍圖之套繪及印行發售等事項。至1964年方進行本土化之「都市計畫法」之修正公布(第1次修法)，將原本32條之都計法大幅翻修，如增加都市計畫種類為市鎮、鄉街、特定區及區域計畫等4種、都市計畫層級分為主要及細部2級制等，使成為能適合臺灣本土都市發展之法令。1973年第2次修法，加強都市計畫分期分區建設、延長公共設施用地取得年限，最長為15年等。1976年公布「都市計畫法臺灣省施行細則」及「都市計畫法臺北市施行細則」，至此本省都市計畫法制確立。
而這段期間，都市計畫行政機關，由1946年長官公署之公礦處下「公共工程局」，掌理全省工礦行政事宜，至1947年長官公署改制為「臺灣省政府」，下設「建設廳」，仍設「公共工程局」掌理都市計畫行政及建築管理等事項。1949年建設廳裁撤公共工程局，增設「土木科」，接辦前公共工程局之業務。1958年再度成立「公共工程局」，下設「市鄉計畫組」，實際負責都市計畫之規劃作業，其後1969年該小組改制為「都市計畫規劃總隊」，並於1973年成立「市鄉規劃處」，以協助地方政府擬定、檢討都市計畫。
至於都市計畫委員會，1946年發布「臺灣省各縣市都市計畫委員會設置辦法」規定各縣市之都委會主要職責為區域營建計畫之擬議、舊城鎮改造計畫之擬定等，1948年省府發布「臺灣省都市計畫委員會組織規程」，主要職掌改為各有關都市計畫之審議與決策，配合1964年都市計畫法第1次修正，，再次調整都市計畫委員會之組織規程，1967年由行政院發布「各級都市計畫委員會組織規程準則」，各級都市計畫委員會之組織規程並陸續修正，以符合上述之準則。其他相關之都市計畫法制，都陸續修正以符合臺灣都市之發展需要。
都市計畫案之建立過程，主要分為2階段，第1階段為承續日治時代之計畫案，經由國民政府之重新審核，並公布實施。第2階段則為配合都市平均地權政策及經建計畫之實施，新擬定全省187處各鄉鎮縣轄市之計畫案，並陸續公布實施，建立全省之都市計畫規模。
因此本研究將戰後臺灣都市計畫歷程分為「過渡期‧重建期‧確立期」。
1.過渡期(1945-1955)：本期係以援用日治時代公布之都市計畫相關法令法令，並承續該時期之計畫案為主，是以都市復興建設與安定社會為主之時期。
2.重建期(1956-1973)：係以都市計畫法之修正、都市計畫人才之充實為主，並配合都市計畫專責機關之設立，協助地方政府擬定計畫案之時期。
3.確立期(1974-迄今)：1976年都市計畫法之省市實行細則之公布實施，戰後臺灣都市計畫法制於焉完備，計畫體制之運作漸趨成熟，確立戰後臺灣都市計畫制度之時期。
以上關於都市計畫各歷史分期，雖然不同之時期，經濟社會背景不同，但藉由都市計畫法之修正，陸續引進相關之都市計畫制度，可謂這3期歷史分期之共通點。總結戰後臺灣之都市計畫，對於臺灣都市發展歷史過程而言，係位於臺灣都市邁向「現代化」階段之關鍵地位。

The course of the progress of Taiwan’s city planning after our restoration, initially started with the maintenance of city planning laws and projects left over from the Japanese ruling period, and was not until 1964, did our countrymen revise city planning laws or drew up any new city projects. After the restoration, although there were many related researches, but due erroneous write-ups or inappropriate historical data, the results of these researches varied. This research is primarily based on the first hand historical data investigating city planning, and selected relevant historical documents regarding city planning after extensive research on the publications released by the Taiwan Provincial Government. In addition, in order to fully cooperate with the projected historical journal proposal made by the Department of Reconstruction of the former Taiwan Provincial Government, the findings of this research, after compilation, will be classified according to the historical periods, thus rendering a better understanding of the progress of Taiwan’s city planning.
The broad definition of “City planning” encompasses demographics, real properties, transportation and urban development. The “city planning historical data” addressed in this research narrowly limits to ancient city planning data, or the creations and revisions of regulations related to city planning as contained in the “communiqué”. Key documents such as the “City Planning Law” published by the national government in Mainland China in 1939, which was simple in its content, and only included regulations in principle. After the restoration, in 1945, the national government publicly declared the continuation of the laws enacted during the Japanese ruling period. Furthermore, the “Items to be Aware of When Practicing City Planning” published by the Ministry of the Interior in 1956, was the interim measure used by the post-restoration Taiwan on city planning. It stipulated that city planning must disclose issues such as time limit, method, city planning map, the charting of area map and its publication. In 1964, the procedure to localize “City Planning Law” was revised and published (the first revision), and drastically altered the formats of the original 32 articles in the city planning law, such as increased the types of city planning to 4 types: city/town, village/street, special area and regional project. The level of city planning was divided into 2 levels: main section and itemized, thus changed the law into a regulation suitable for the local city development in Taiwan. The second revision was in 1973, which enhanced city planning’s installment development, and extended the period of land use for public facilities, the longest being fifteen years. 1976 published the “Enforcement Details of City Planning Law in the Province of Taiwan” and the “Enforcement Details of City Planning Law in the city of Taipei”. It was not until then was the city planning legal statute complete for this province.
During this time, the administrative body of city planning projects from the 1946’s “Public Construction Bureau” under the Acting Officer’s Public Mining Department that controlled all administrative matters related to mining throughout the entire Taiwan province, to 1947’s change-over and became the “Taiwan Provincial Government”; the “Department of Reconstruction” was formed too. However, the “Public Construction Bureau” was still handling administrative issues related to city planning and construction management. 1949, the Department of Reconstruction eliminated the Public Construction Bureau, and replaced it with “Land and forest Division” to take over the job. 1958, the “Public Construction Bureau” was re-established, with “City/Town Planning Unit” added to be responsive for the formulation of city planning. In 1969, this unit was changed to “City Planning Formulation Team”. 1973, “City/Town Formulation Department” was created to assist the local government with drafting and appraising of city planning projects.
As for city planning committee, the “Every County/City’s City Planning Committee Establishment Method of the Taiwan Province” published in 1948, stipulated the main functions of the various county/city’s city planning committee to the drafting of regional construction projects, and the determination of city renovation projects. 1948, the “Organization Bylaws of the City Planning Committee of the Taiwan Province” published by the provincial government changed the main functions to the evaluation and determination of related city planning proposals. Moreover, the first revision of the city planning law in 1964 again adjusted the organization bylaws of the city planning committee. 1967, the “Standard for Different Levels of City Planning Committee Organizations” published by the Executive Yuan gradually amended the organizational bylaws of the various levels of city planning committees to meet this standard. Other legal statute that related to city planning too gradually was revised to meet the developmental needs of the cities in Taiwan.
The establishment process of the city-planning project was mainly divided into two stages. Stage 1 was to uphold the projects during the Japanese ruling period, with the national government to re-appraise, as well as to publish its enactment. Stage 2 was practiced in cooperation with balancing the policy of the rights to city lands with the enforcement of construction projects, as well as to revise city planning proposals for the various 187 villages and towns, and to publish their enforcement gradually, thus building up a framework for the city planning of the entire province.
Therefore this research divided the progress of Taiwan’s city planning into “interim period, re-establishment period, build up period”.
1. Interim period (1945-1955): this period used the published laws related to city planning during the Japanese ruling period, as well as maintained the projects of that period as main focus. Hence this was a period concentrated on city renovation and to create a stable society.
2. Re-establishment period (1956-1973): this period focused on revising the city planning law and enriching city planing talents, as well to cooperate with the formation of the organizations responsive for city planning, and to assist with local government with drafting projects.
3. Build-up period (1974-present): after the publication of the detailed enforcement of the Taiwan Province of the city planning law in 1976, Taiwan’s city planning law has been completed and project operations gradually matured, thus this was the period of building-up Taiwan’s city planning standards.
Although the above historical periods of the city planning was divided into different phases, with different social backgrounds, but with the revision of the city planning law along with the gradual introductions of related city planning standards, thus became the common denominator for these three different historical phases. In conclusion, speaking in Taiwan’s city developmental history, city planning of the post-restoration Taiwan played the pivotal role in Taiwan’s approach towards “modernization”.

第1章 緒論
1-1 研究動機與目的
1-2 研究範圍
1-3 研究方法
1-4 研究流程
第2章 臺灣都市計畫基本史料之調查與成果
2-1 臺灣都市計畫研究文獻之回顧
2-2 臺灣都市計畫法制史料之調查與成果
2-3 「公報」對臺灣都市計畫研究之史料價值
2-4 都市計畫「書圖」史料之調查與成果
2-5 小 結--都市計畫基本史料之特質
第3章 臺灣都市計畫法制之建立
3-1 臺灣都市計畫法制之承續與創設
3-2 臺灣都市計畫法制之轉型與機關之改制
3-3 臺灣都市計畫法制之發展
3-4 小 結
第4章 臺灣都市計畫歷程之建構
4-1 臺灣都市計畫之發展
4-2 臺灣都市計畫法制之歷史分期
4-3 本研究成果與其它文獻之比較
4-4 小 結
第5章 結論與建議
5-1 結論
5-2 建議
參考文獻

一、著作與書籍
1.內政部(1963)，《內政部臺灣省都市計畫考察團報告書》，臺北。
2.臺灣省政府建設廳公共工程局譯(1964)，《臺灣省都會區域與國民住宅計劃》，臺北。
3.內政部(1965)，《臺灣省實施都市平均地權專案小組報告》，臺北。
4.酆裕坤(1965)，《中華民國臺灣省之都市計畫》，政大公行企管教育中心，臺北。
5.臺灣省政府建設廳公共工程局(1966)，《臺灣區域發展計劃暨對臺北及高雄區域計劃之意見》，臺北。
6.臺灣省政府經濟動員委員會(1969)，《臺灣都市發展與土地利用之研究》，中興新村。
7.國家建設委員會(1970)，《臺灣都市建設計畫改進方案之研究》，臺北。
8.經濟合作委員會都市建設及住宅計劃小組(1971)，《都市計畫人才培育方案草案》，臺北。
9.臺灣省民政廳地政局(1971)，《臺灣省市地重劃》，中興新村。
10.臺灣省政府(1971)，《都市建設之研究─報告及參考資料》，中興新村。
11.行政院經濟建設委員會都市規劃處(1973)，《編定使用地與區域計劃配合方案草案》，臺北。
12.臺灣省政府建設廳(1973)，《加強都市發展之研究》，中興新村。
13.內政部營建署(1974)，《臺灣地區都市計畫簡介》，臺北。
14.內政部(1976)，《策劃臺灣地區實施區域計劃簡介》，臺北。
15.行政院經濟建設委員會都市規劃處(1977)，《都市計畫研討會報告書》臺北。
16.臺北市政府工務局(1982)，《中日都市計畫法令運用比較之研究》，臺北。
17.徐一峰（1988），《臺灣省都市計畫述要》，臺灣省政府住宅及都市發展局市鄉規劃處，臺北市。
18.黃武達(1997)，《日治時代臺灣都市計畫歷程基本史料之調查與研究》，臺灣都市史研究室。
19.黃武達(1998)，《1895~1945年日治時代之臺北市近代都市計畫》，臺灣都市史研究室。