臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

口服肌酸對青少年女性運動員之無氧運動能力、
身體組成及月經週期之影響
摘 要
本研究目的在探討肌酸補充後對青少年女性運動員的月經週期、身體組成、無氧耐力、爆發力及心理之影響。本研究以18名平均年齡16.7，經過兩個月月經週期測量正常的選手為受測對象；隨機分派為肌酸組9名及安慰劑組9名。依受試者的體重，以0.25 g‧kg-1的劑量於每日訓練前服用，持續服用7天，第8∼30天則每日服用2 g的劑量。
本研究實驗所得之各項資料，以t考驗分析得到以下結論：
一、兩組在實驗前後的體重均無顯著差異。
二、兩組在實驗前後的身體脂肪百分比，均無顯著差異；但實驗後肌酸組之身體脂肪百分比，顯著低於安慰劑組。
三、兩組在實驗前後的垂直跳，均無顯著差異；但實驗後肌酸組之垂直跳成績顯著優於安慰劑組。
四、兩組在實驗前後的8點折返跑，結果並無顯著差異；但實驗後肌酸組之8點折返跑成績顯著優於安慰劑組。
五、肌酸組和安慰劑組的月經週期都是在21∼35天的正常範圍內。
六、在月經週期感覺自覺量表方面，在經前期三天兩組受試者均有明顯的胸部膨脹、漲痛、情緒不穩定、身體疲勞、心理疲勞等現象。
七、兩組受試者在月經期之感覺精力充沛，都高於經前期及經後期。
研究顯示，肌酸補充對青少年女性運動員之爆發力、無氧耐力及身體組成有顯著影響，而且不會影響其月經週期。
關鍵字：肌酸、青少年、月經週期、身體組成、垂直跳、八點折返跑。

Effects of taking creatine monohydrate supplementation on anaerobic capacity,body composition and menstrual cycle of teenage female athletes
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on menstrual, cyle body composition, anaerobic capacity, vertical jump and psychology of teenage female athletes. Eighteen female athletes who were seventeen years old in average and recorded menstrual period normally for two months were including ; and randomly assigned to creatine group（n=9）or placebo group（n=9）. According to the exercisers, weights, before athletes they were supplemented with a dose of 0.25g.kg-1 creatine（creatine group）or maltodextrin （placebo group）three times per day , within 7 subsequent days, and they were supplemented a dose of 2g from eighth to thirtieth day. The experimental data is analyzed statistically by t-test and the results obtained are : The two groups have no significant differences on the body weights before or after the experiment.The two groups have no significant differences on the fat percentage before or after the experiment. But after experiment the body fat percentage measured from the creatine monphydrate group significantly lower than placebo group. The two groups have no significant differences on the vertical jump. But after experiment the vertical jump grade of the creatine group vertical jump better than that of placebo group. The two groups have no significant differences on the eight points shuttle -run grades. But after experiment the eight points shuttle -run grade of the creatine group significantly better than that of placebo group.The menstrual periods of the creatine group and the placebo group were within normal range from 21 to 35 days. On The menstrual period, the two groups’ scale of self-perception have many phenomenons like as significant breast dilate, breast ache, instability emotion, and fatigue on body and psychology.Two groups subjects feel more energetic during menstrual period than before or after menses.This research reveals that, the supplement of creatine monohydrate dose significantly affect the exercise power, anaerobic capacity, and body composition , but dose not have significantly impacts on menstrual period.
Key words : creatine, teenager, menstrual period, body composition, vertical jump, eight points shuttle -run.

目 錄
第壹章 緒論………………………………………………………1
一、問題背景………………………………………………………1
二、研究目的………………………………………………………4
三、研究範圍………………………………………………………4
四、研究假設………………………………………………………5
五、名詞解釋………………………………………………………6
第貳章 文獻探討…………………………………………………9
一、肌酸對運動表現之影響………………………………………9
二、月經週期對運動表現之影響…………………………………11
三、結語……………………………………………………………14
第參章 實驗方法與步驟……………………………………………15
一、實驗對象………………………………………………………15
二、實驗時間與地點………………………………………………16
三、儀器設備………………………………………………………16
四、實驗設計………………………………………………………16
五、資料處理………………………………………………………20
六、實驗流程………………………………………………………21
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………22
一、肌酸的補充對體重和身體組成的影響………………………22
二、肌酸的補充對垂直跳成績的影響……………………………24
三、肌酸的補充對8點折返跑成績的影響………………………25
四、肌酸的補充對月經週期的影響………………………………26
五、肌酸補充對月經週期感覺自覺量表的影響…………………27
第伍章 結論與建議…………………………………………………29
一、結論……………………………………………………………29
二、建議……………………………………………………………30
陸、參考文獻………………………………………………………31
一、中文部份………………………………………………………31
二、英文部份………………………………………………………33
柒、附錄……………………………………………………………36
表 目 錄
表一、受試者基本資料…………………………………………………………………………15
表二、個人月經週期及狀況記錄表……………………………………19
表三、肌酸補充前後之體重…………………………………………………………………………22
表四、肌酸補充前後之身體脂肪百分比………………………………23
表五、肌酸補充前後之垂直跳…………………………………………24
表六、肌酸補充前後之8點折返跑……………………………………25
表七、肌酸補充組對月經週期影響的結果……………………………26
表八、安慰劑補充組對的月經週期的影響……………………………26
表九、肌酸組之月經週期感覺自覺量表………………………………27
表十、安慰劑組之月經週期感覺自覺量表……………………………28
圖 目 錄
圖一、正常的月經週期…………………………………………………………………………7
圖二、八點折返跑路線圖…………………………………………………………………………17

一、中文部份
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郭美惠。(1996)。運動和月經週期的關係與探討。
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許毓斌。（1999）。肌酸的補充對無氧運動能力之影響。台北：中國文化大學碩士學位論文。
二、英文部份
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Ｄibrezzo, R., Fort, I. L., & Borwn, B. (1991). Relationships among strength, endurance, weight and body fat during three phases of the menstrual cycle. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31(1), 89-94.
Eston, R. G. (1983). Physiological parameters during exercise across four phases of the menstrual cycle. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Springfield College.
Gamberale, F., Strindberg, L., & Wahlberg,G. (1975). Female work capacity during the menstrual cycle-physiological reactions. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health, 1, 120-127.
Greenhaff, P. L., Casey, A., Short, A. H., Hanis, R. C., S6derlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1993a). Influence of Oral Creatine Supplementation on MuscleTorqueduring Repeated Bouts of Maximal Voluntary Exercise in Man. Clinical Science 84:565.571.
Grindstaff, P., Kreider, R., Weiss, L., Fry, A., Wood, L., Bullen, D.,Miyaji, M., Ramsey, L., Li, Y., & Almada, A. (1995). Effects of ingesting a supplement containing creatine monohydrate for 7 days on isokinetic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27 (5: Suppl.), S146.
Harris, R. C., Sderulund, K., & Hultman, E. (1992). Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clinical Science, 83, 367-374.
Jones, N. L., McCartney, N., Graham, T., Spiriet, L. L., Kowalchuk, J. M., Heigen-hauser, G. J. F., Sutton, J. R. (1985). Muscle performance and metabolism in maximal isokinetic cycling at slow and fast speeds. Journal of Applied Physiology, 59, 132-136.
Jackson, A. S., and Pollock, M. C. (1978). Generalized equation for predicting body density of men. British Jounal of Nutrition, 40, 497-504.
Lamont, L. S. (1986). Lack of influence of the menstrual cycle on blood lactate. Journal of Physician and Sportsmedicine, 14(1), 159-163.
Rossiter, H. G., Cannell, E. R., & Jakeman, P. M. (1996). The effect of oral creatine supplementation on the 1000-m performance of competitive rowers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(2), 175-179.
SchoeneP. B., Pobertson, S. T., Gierson. D.J. ,& Peterson, P.(1981). Respiratory drives and exercise in menstrual cycles of athletic and nonathletic women. Journal of Appied Physiology-reapiratory, Environment, and Exercise Phvsiology, 50, 1300-1305.
Thompson, C. I.I., Kemp, G. J., Sanderson, A. L., Dixon, l. M., Styles, P., Taylor. D. J., & Radda, G. K. (1996). Effect of reatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers. British Tournal of sports Medicine, 30(3):222--225．