臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要探討不同的世界觀創造出不同的美人魚意
象。在現代的文明社會，神秘的美人魚仍舊引起許多人的
好奇。雖然沒有證據顯示美人魚的存在，世界各地都存在
著美人魚的傳說。有無數的船長、水手和漁夫，紀錄著他
們對美人魚的親眼見證。這就好像地球上是否有外星人存
在一樣，由於不確定它們的存在，美人魚傳說給予人們在
文學、電視節目和電影的創作上有獨特的想像空間。然而
，由於多樣的社會背景和作品詮釋，作者們呈現出多樣的
美人魚意象。在我的論文中，藉由心理的觀點，我著重在
多樣的社會或作者是如何的詮釋和呈現屬於自己的美人魚
意象、多樣的美人魚意象與人類有怎樣的相互關係，以及
由於不同層次的詮釋，美人魚意象的改變對孩童有什麼影
響。
第一章是有關兒童文學歷史背景和心理分析研究方法
的導論。第二章探討在異教徒的世界觀中，口說傳統的
原型美人魚意象。身為受害者，人類所呈現出來的原型美
人魚意象，是一個原始、危險、擁有超自然力量的致命女
人。第三章主要探討在宗教化的世界觀中，從十九世紀安
徒生的「小美人魚」童話故事，所呈現出來宗教化的美人
魚意象。藉由顛覆擁有致命吸引力、危險的原型美人魚意
象，以及將小美人魚比作他自己，安徒生藉由自己的基督
教信仰呈現出宗教化的美人魚。她就像他一樣，是神的選
民，一直受到神的保護和幫助。第四章討論在世俗化的世
界觀中，從二十世紀迪士尼的「小美人魚」電影版本，所
呈現出來世俗化的美人魚意象。這再次美人魚意象的顛覆，
所強調的不再有宗教意涵，而是當代流行的愛情文化。美
人魚意象的世俗化，主要來自迪士尼產品的美國化、制式
化和商業化。身為美國化的美人魚，愛莉兒被塑造成一位
獨立的小孩、沉默的女性、青少年的模範，以及一個商品。
由歷史來看，從異教徒的世界觀到世俗化的世界觀，
美人魚意象的變形釋放出人類與大自然和解的信息。美人
魚不再是神秘的，而且人類世界和美人魚的界限正逐漸的
消失。現代的孩童可以開始欣賞到美人魚自然的本質。

This thesis is a research concerning the diverse worldviews that create diverse mermaid images. In the modern civilized society, the mythic mermaid still arouses people’s curiosity. Although there is not any proof of the existence of mermaids, the belief in mermaids persists all over the world. Numerous captains, sailors and fishermen have recorded their witness of mermaids. This is like the existence of aliens from other planets on earth. Because of the uncertainty of their existence, the mermaid belief has aroused human beings’ creative imagination in their creative works, such as literary works, TV programs and movies. However, for the diverse social background of producers and interpretation of works, the image of the mermaid is diverse, too. In this thesis, my concern is to support with psychological insight, how the diverse societies or producers interpret and make their own mermaid image. What is the relationship of the diverse mermaid images with human beings’ worldview? And because of the different layers of interpretation, what is the influence of the changing mermaid image, especially for children?
Chapter One is an introduction to the historical background of children’s literature and the approaches of psychoanalysis to be used. Chapter Two is the discussion of the archetypal mermaid image from the oral tradition in the pagan worldview. As the victims, human beings present the archetypal mermaid image as a primitive hazardous femme fatale possessing supernatural power. Chapter Three chiefly concerns the sacred mermaid image from H. C. Andersen’s nineteenth century literary fairy tale “The Little Mermaid” in the sacred worldview. By subverting the archetypal mermaid image of seduction and danger, identifying himself with the little mermaid, Andersen presents his Christian belief to depict a religious mermaid, who like him, as the God’s elect, is protected and helped by God. Chapter Four discusses the secular mermaid image from Disney’s twentieth century fairy-tale film version of The Little Mermaid in the secular worldview. This is another subversion of the mermaid image that shifted the focus from religion to contemporary popular romance. This secularization of the mermaid image comes from the production being Americanized, instrumentalized and commericalized. As the Americanized mermaid, Ariel is depicted as an independent child, a silent female, the idol of youngsters and a product. Historically, from the transformation of the mermaid image from the pagan worldview to the secular worldview a message of reconciliation with nature evolves. The mermaid’s mystique is no more and the boundary between the human world and the mermaid is gradually eliminated. Contemporary children can begin to appreciate the natural essence of the mermaid.

Chapter One Introduction ------- 1
Chapter Two The Archetypal Mermaid Image in the Oral
Tradition -------- 22
Chapter Three The Sacred Mermaid Image in H. C. Andersen’s
“The Little Mermaid” -------- 46
Chapter Four The Secular Mermaid Image in Disney’s The
Little Mermaid ----- 64
Chapter Five Conclusion ----- 83

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