臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在軟體工程的領域中，資料模型間的轉換 (Transform) 與跨模型間的資料交換 (Data Interchange) 行為，一直都是令人相當頭痛的問題。使用者或軟體工程師為了要更有效率的發展系統，他們需要將在系統或輔助工具上的資訊轉移至另一個系統或輔助工具，而有時這些資料的交換甚至是動態的或者是需要互動的。在過去由於發展成本與地域性限制等問題，要提供一個符合各種使用/設計者所要求的工具以及資料庫的特性的共用介面，幾乎是不可能存在的。近年來更因為Internet與分散式資料處理系統的方興未艾，更凸顯其問題的重要性。
雖然一直有一些研究在進行著，然而直至現階段仍尚未有任何一種工具或資料模型理論能夠滿足這些需求，例如CDIF (CASE Data Interchange Format) 等。目前有一些資料交換的標準，其主要是針對目前眾多的CASE Tools間的資料轉換而設計，但其所適用系統的格式與標準仍有諸多限制，對現有許多規格不符的軟體系統，助益不大。因此，在這所強調的資料模型間的轉換與跨模型間的資料交換行為的重要性，主要目的是為了提高對於訂定Data Interchange Protocol之重視，如此將有助於降低重整工程 (Re-Engineering) 的複雜性與相關之成本。
在本論文中，我們提出一個稱為通用性資料交換模型 (Universal Data Interchange Model, UDIM)，其目的在希望能提供一個資料交換的解決方案。UDIM是以Meta Data Model的外掛封裝為基礎，本論文發展一套能夠提供不同資料格式間轉換的環境，希望能藉由此一研究，提供使用者來處理不同系統間資料的重整、萃取、分析、與封裝，進而將其轉入到另一個系統中，以增加資料的再利用性。
近年來成為標準的XML提供了處理資料的相關機制，恰巧提供了一個解決方法，本篇論文便是以XML為基礎，將之應用於所定義出的通用性的資料交換模型之中，並實做一套雛形工具，以方便系統維護者進行不同系統資料間的移轉工作；這樣一來，就不必像傳統的做法需要個別開發其轉換程式，因此不但能增進系統開發的效率、資料的再利性、降低軟體系統開發的成本、並可使資料的維護更加容易。此外，在本論文中我們以Java語言來開發相關之程式，並以病患醫療資料來作為系統之測試與驗證之資料。
總括來說，本系統之主要的模組與功能包含有：
(1). 檔案轉換規則處理系統 (File Transform Rules System) ：負責處理來源資料庫系統之資料轉換規則，其主要之目的是將使用者所輸入的檔案格式 (File Format) 與資料綱目 (Data Schema) 的內容加以處理，並以DOM (Document Object Model) 的結構將之傳給資料轉換系統來作為轉換之依據。
(2). 資料轉換處理系統 (Data Transform Process System) ：主要是針對資料庫系統之實體檔案作資料轉換 (Data Transform) 與萃取的處理，並將得到的資料依其原有之結構與關係，重新編寫成XML之格式，並透過DOM來將其轉換為樹狀的資料型態，以利於提供資料之交換與再利用 (Reuse) 的處理。
(3). 資料交換處理系統 (Data Interchange Process System) ：將從資料庫檔案中經萃取而重新整合過的資料，透過HTML、CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) 等描述語言、介面或程式，進而傳送給其它之目的應用系統，以完成資料交換之工作。

In Software Engineering, data and data models defined in one system are usually not transferable or interchangeable to another. In order to develop systems efficiently, sometimes users and software engineers who manipulate the systems need to move information from one tool or system to another, that is, exchanging data between repositories with different formats. This kind of exchanging may even happen dynamically and interactively. In the pass, to solve the problem with providing common interface between all tools and repositories is infeasible due to the limits of development-cost and geographical issues. And this demand is become more and more essential in modern software lifecycle, through the ascendancy of internet activities and the development of distributed data processing systems.
Although some recent researches have been proceeding, there are still little tools and data models which satisfy all the requirements in this domain. For example, the CDIF project, it is designed for data interchange between different CASE tools, but establishes many format and standard constrains to the adapted systems. In other word, it can make no help to old systems which haven’t good specifications on itself. So, we focus on data model interchange and the behaviors among the models, the goal here is to emphasize how to define a data interchange protocols to apply into the cross-model data sharing. If not so, the cost of re-engineering will be extremely expensive.
In this thesis, we propose the UDIM (Universal Data Interchange Model) using XML. UDIM is approach based on Meta Data Model, we plan to develop an environment for data interchange between different formats. In this environment, data activities between models like re-engineering, model retrieving, analysis, encapsulation, model optimizing and data transformation will proceed. The architecture and modules of UDIM is listed below:
1.File Transform Rules Process: XML Parser, File Transform Rules Generator.
2.Data Transform Process: File Transform Processor, Data Integrator
3.Data Interchange Process: Data Interchanger Processor

目錄
圖目錄
表目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的
1.2 論文架構
第二章 背景知識與相關研究
2.1 資料交換
2.2 電子資料交換
2.3 開放性資料庫連結
2.4 電腦輔助軟體工程資料交換格式
2.5 健保第七層
2.6 可延展性標記語言
2.6.1 XML與資料的關係
2.6.2 使用XML來處理資料
2.6.3 XML的目標
2.7 文件物件模組
第三章 系統設計
3.1 系統設計目標
3.2 系統架構
3.3 檔案轉換規則處理系統設計
3.3.1. 檔案格式與資料綱目DTD
3.3.2 檔案格式與資料綱目之XML文件
3.3.3 XML剖析器
3.3.4 檔案轉換規則產生器
3.4資料轉換處理系統設計
3.4.1 檔案轉換處理器
3.4.2 資料整合器
3.4.3 精萃資料
3.5 資料交換處理系統
第四章 系統實作
4.1 發展環境
4.2 DTD設計
4.2.1 檔案格式之 DTD設計
4.2.2 資料綱目之 DTD設計
4.3 檔案轉換規則處理系統實作
4.3.1 XML剖析器
4.3.2 檔案轉換規則產生器
4.4 資料轉換系統
4.4.1 檔案轉換處理器
4.4.2 資料整合器
4.5 資料交換系統
4.5.1 資料交換處理器
第五章 系統測試與應用
5.1 測試資料庫檔案格式說明
5.2 測試資料說明
5.3 檔案轉換測試
5.4 資料應用
第六章 結論與未來工作
6.1 結論
6.2 未來工作
參考書目
誌 謝

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