臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在過去的10年中，物件導向(Object-Oriented)規範已經成為一門相當熱門的軟體技術，它雖然有效地提高了軟體可再使用性並降低了軟體結構的複雜度，可是一直以來在程式瞭解(program understanding)及維護(maintenance)上的著墨仍然相當有限，甚至可以說在有些方面上，反而注入另一種層次的困難點。應用軟體再使用來降低軟體成本，目前大部分的討論都集中在功能元件(component)的層次上，事實上產生可以高度再用的軟體元件應只是整個軟體再利用程序中的一個局部而非全部。當一般程式設計師著重於程式碼再利用時，對於較高設計概念層次的再使用往往會被忽略。所謂的再使用應該涵蓋各個不同抽象層次的概念，例如在需求、設計、實作、測試以及維護等等。很顯然地，完整的再使用過程需要一個涵蓋面更廣的模型作為立論與應用的基礎。所謂的『設計樣版』(Design Patterns, DP)，定位於整合軟體系統的標準程序與專家經驗概念成為一些軟體元件，以更有彈性的結構來描述某些特定的功能與行為，以及系統構成元件間相互關係，可以用來有效提昇軟體再使用與維護的應用層面。目前在設計樣版的討論中依然存在一些問題，例如：1) 設計樣版描述的問題-何時、何地、如何明白地描述一個設計樣版的再使用及整合；2)設計樣版之選擇及整合問題-如何系統化地有效選取所需求的設計樣版以及整合；3)設計樣版與問題領域的映對問題-如何將問題需求映對到適當的設計樣版；4)特定領域的設計樣版的短缺問題；以及，5)設計樣版儲存機具的短缺問題-如何有效地組織設計樣版，使能支援整個軟體再使用的程序。
在此研究中，將以設計樣版做為軟體重整工程方法與系統分析設計的基礎。第一階段的目標是從現有的程式碼、系統設計中搜尋設計樣版。結合並擴充所謂的統一模型語言-Unified Modeling Language (UML)及XMI以建立一組完整且經歷正規化描述處理的設計樣版庫，然後經由處理幾個具有代表性的測試軟體系統，透過透過此搜尋方法，將一般性系統重整轉換為一個以設計樣版模型為架構基準系統的合理程序與可行性研究。此外，另一個重要的訴求是研究與探討設計樣版結合性的合理程序與可行性研究。經由上述兩項的理論基礎與運作模式導入系統重整中或系統發展中，我們應可以合理的期待一個有別於傳統、具有更高效果與品質的軟體了解與維護的標準與規範，以供未來相關研究參考之用。

中文摘要 3
第一章 緒論 4
1.1 前言 4
1.2 研究動機 5
1.3 論文架構 10
第二章 相關研究 11
2.1 設計樣版(Design Pattern) 11
2.2 Inter-Pattern Modeling 12
2.3 Reverse-Engineering 和Re-Engineering 12
2.4 順向工程(Forward Engineering) 13
2.3 統一化模式語言(Unified Modeling Language) 14
2.4 XML 20
2.5 XMI 26
第三章 問題之研究與解析 28
3.1 Design Pattern Recovery 28
3.2 樣版之間的互動關係 37
第四章 結論與未來工作 39
4.1 結論 39
4.2 未來展望 40
致 謝 41
參考書目 42

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