臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本研究係就目前所使用之冷軋型鋼拉力構材螺栓接合設計作一簡要之探討，比較現今世界上發展及從事研究冷軋型鋼的先進國家如美國、紐西蘭、澳洲、英國等國家之相關規範，促進國人加強研究冷軋型鋼，進而作為制定適合本土的冷軋型鋼結構設計規範之參考。
研究內容就不同寬度的非連接板之L型冷軋型鋼，用四顆單一螺栓以單排及雙排接合為主題，在冷軋型鋼鋼板厚度變化下研究其差異性並探討淨斷面設計之重要性及剪力延遲之影響情形。研究結果可以發現，非連接板尺寸逾大，其剪力延遲之變異性也逾大，並不如一般預期之效果；而單排螺栓所產生的鋼板變形與剪力延遲現象，使應力過度集中於邊距螺栓上，因而造成邊距的開裂破壞與試體的承壓破壞；斷裂破壞則發生於四顆雙排螺栓接合的狀況。

Abstract
The currently design method of bolt connections for cold-formed steel members was briefly introduced in this research. Comparisons of design criteria were made between the United States Standard, Australia Standard, British Standard, and other researcher’s recommendations in this study. This research’s result could be used to establish the design regulation of cold-formed steel construction in domestic specification.
This study is concentrated on the investigation of the shear lag effect on the cold-formed steel tension members. L-shaped specimens with different dimensions tested by using one-line or two-line bolted connections were discussed in this study. Based on the experimental results, it was found that there are quite discrepancy between the test results and the predicted values for the specimens with larger size of non-connected element. It is also noted that the member fracture failure mode was found in most two-line bolted connection specimens, and the plate end fracture failure or plate bearing failure were found in most one-line bolted connection specimens.

目 錄
中文摘要.............................................................................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要.............................................................................................................Ⅱ
目錄.....................................................................................................................Ⅲ
表目錄.................................................................................................................Ⅵ
圖目錄.................................................................................................................Ⅷ
第一章 緒論....................................................................................................1
1.1 前言 .....................................................................................................1
1.2 冷軋型鋼簡介.......................................................................................1
1.3 研究動機及重要性 .............................................................................3
1.4 研究方法與目標...................................................................................5
1.4.1 研究計畫流程.............................................................................5
1.4.2 問題研究.....................................................................................8
第二章 文獻回顧.............................................................................................11
2.1 淨斷面的效率.....................................................................................12
2.1.1 幾何因素...................................................................................13
2.1.2 軸承因素...................................................................................14
2.1.3 製作孔洞因素...........................................................................15
2.1.4 剪力延遲因素...........................................................................15
2.1.5 金屬延展性因素.......................................................................17
2.1.6 淨斷面的效率結語...................................................................18
2.2 熱軋型鋼螺栓接合相關規範探討.....................................................18
2.3 冷軋型鋼螺栓接合相關規範探討.....................................................21
2.3.1 AISI相關規範規定...................................................................22
2.3.2 英國標準規範中的規定...........................................................23
2.3.3 澳洲、紐西蘭標準規範中的規定.............................................24
2.3.4 冷軋型鋼相關規範結語...........................................................25
2.4 其它相關研究.....................................................................................25
2.5 受拉冷軋型鋼構材之破壞模式.........................................................27
2.5.1 板的開裂破壞...........................................................................27
2.5.2 板的承壓破壞...........................................................................28
2.5.3 淨斷面的斷裂破壞...................................................................29
2.5.4 螺栓的剪力破壞.......................................................................30
2.6 冷軋效應的影響.................................................................................30
第三章 實驗規劃.............................................................................................33
3.1 前置作業.............................................................................................33
3.1.1 試體規格...................................................................................33
3.1.2 試體編號定義...........................................................................36
3.1.3 拉伸試驗...................................................................................37
3.1.4 試體量測...................................................................................39
3.2 試驗配置.............................................................................................40
3.2.1 試驗儀器及感測器校正 .........................................................40
3.2.2 試體和儀器架設.......................................................................44
3.3 試驗加載.............................................................................................45
第四章 實驗結果及分析.................................................................................47
4.1 試驗結果.............................................................................................47
4.2 拉力強度與各規範的比較.................................................................50
4.3 冷軋效應的影響.................................................................................60
4.4 C形拉力強度與規範之比較..............................................................60
4.5 L形與C形鋼板實驗比較...................................................................64
4.5.1 破壞形式...................................................................................64
4.5.2 與規範之比較...........................................................................64
4.6 其他結果.............................................................................................65
4.6.1 材料性質...................................................................................65
4.6.2 螺栓因素...................................................................................65
4.6.3 墊片因素...................................................................................67
4.6.4 非連接板孔洞因素...................................................................67
4.7 角鋼應力和應變特性.........................................................................68
4.7.1 載重變位圖...............................................................................68
4.7.2 試體L-BBA-3載重-變位圖....................................................71
4.7.3 應力分佈圖..............................................................................72
第五章 結論與建議.........................................................................................76
5.1 結論.....................................................................................................76
5.2 建議及後續研究.................................................................................77
參考文獻.............................................................................................................79
表 目 錄
表2.1 載重修正係數kt....................................................................................24
表3.1 斷面強度檢核........................................................................................34
表3.2 拉伸試驗所得之材料機械性質............................................................37
表3.3 各試體斷面尺寸....................................................................................39
表3.3(續) 各試體斷面尺寸.............................................................................40
表4.1 試體極限承載力及破壞型式................................................................48
表4.2 AISC規範對構材拉力強度的計算......................................................50
表4.3 試體極限載重與AISC規範預測值的比較........................................51
表4.4 AISI規範對構材拉力強度的計算.......................................................52
表4.5 試體極限載重與AISI預測值的比較..................................................53
表4.6 英國標準規範對構材拉力強度的計算................................................53
表4.7 試體極限載重與英國標準規範預測值的比較....................................54
表4.8 澳洲、紐西蘭規範對構材拉力強度的計算........................................55
表4.9 試體極限載重與澳紐標準規範預測值的比較....................................56
表4.10 Kulak及Wu建議公式對構材拉力強度的計算................................56
表4.11 試體極限載重與Kulak及Wu預測值比較.......................................57
表4.12 LaBoube建議式對構材拉力強度的計算..........................................57
表4.13 套用Laboube的建議公式與試驗值之比較......................................58
表4.14 角鋼試體各規範及建議公式之效率比較..........................................58
表4.15 規範中螺栓孔的最小邊距規定..........................................................59
表4.16 考慮冷軋效應後的材料機械性質......................................................60
表4.17 試體極限載重與AISC規範預測值的比較.......................................61
表4.18 試體極限載重與AISI規範預測值的比較.........................................61
表4.19 試體極限載重與英國標準規範預測值的比較..................................62
表4.20 試體極限載重與澳紐標準規範預測值的比較..................................62
表4.21 套用Laboube建議公式與試驗值之比較..........................................63
表4.22 C形鋼試體各規範及建議公式之效率比較......................................63
表4.23 應力分佈圖所選取的載重..................................................................73
圖 目 錄
圖1.1-1 研究流程..............................................................................................5
圖1.1-2 研究流程(續)........................................................................................6
圖1.1-3 研究流程(續)........................................................................................7
圖1.2 冷軋鋼捲生產流程................................................................................9
圖1.3 冷軋型鋼生產流程...............................................................................9
圖2.1 受拉角鋼之 .......................................................................................20
圖2.2 邊距拔出破壞........................................................................................27
圖2.3 承壓破壞................................................................................................28
圖2.4 淨斷面的斷裂破壞................................................................................29
圖2.5 螺栓的剪力破壞....................................................................................30
圖3.1 橫斷面圖................................................................................................34
圖3.2 俯視圖....................................................................................................35
圖3.3 螺栓排列方式........................................................................................35
圖3.4 試體編號示意........................................................................................36
圖3.5(a) 拉伸試驗之應力應變圖(試片編號C1，厚度3.12mm)....................37
圖3.5(b) 拉伸試驗之應力應變圖(試片編號C2，厚度2.28mm)...................38
圖3.6 50噸抗拉試驗機.................................................................................41
圖3.7 位移計、荷重和油壓泵........................................................................41
圖3.8 資料擷取器及位移計校正..................................................................42
圖3.9 位移計1之校正係數圖.......................................................................42
圖3.10 位移計2之校正係數圖.....................................................................43
圖3.11 荷重之校正係數圖............................................................................43
圖3.12 應變片黏貼位置(試體L-BBA-3).....................................................45
圖3.13 試體架設及應變片黏貼....................................................................46
圖4.1 淨斷面斷裂破壞....................................................................................47
圖4.2 承壓破壞................................................................................................49
圖4.3 開裂破壞................................................................................................49
圖4.4 兩顆螺栓之試驗....................................................................................66
圖4.5 L-CBB-1試驗......................................................................................67
圖4.6 L-CAB-1試體......................................................................................68
圖4.7 L-AAB-2試驗變位............................................................................. 69
圖4.8 L-BAA-2試驗變位..............................................................................69
圖4.9 L-CAA-2試驗變位..............................................................................70
圖4.10 L-CBA-2試驗變位............................................................................70
圖4.11(a) 試體L-BBA-3斷面1-1載重-變位圖...........................................71
圖4.11(b) 試體L-BBA-3斷面2-2載重-變位圖...........................................72
圖4.12 應力-應變圖所選擇的斷面(試體編號L-BBA-3)..............................74
圖4.13(a) 載重為0.25AgFy時試體L-BBA-3應力分佈圖............................74
圖4.13(b) 載重為0.5AgFy時試體L-BBA-3應力分佈圖.............................75
圖4.13(c) 極限載重時試體L-BBA-3應力分佈圖........................................75

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