臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

適應性波束形成技術的目的是用來獲得從不同方位抵達的信
號資料，並估測各個信號源的入射角，藉著集中的運算來搜尋可靠
的角度，使系統更有效率的運作。應用的範圍包括了雷達、聲納、
語音和無線通訊等。Minimum Variance Distortionless Response
(MVDR)是以基本的最佳濾波器和頻譜分析為出發點，以最佳化的
演算法求出最小成本函數，亦即最佳權值，以得到陣列天線的輸
出。反相關性矩陣的計算和導控向量的乘法運算是運算過程中最重
要的一環。在需要高速的運算系統中，反矩陣的運算對處理器來說
是一個龐大的負擔，尤其是在維度很高的環境中，且若矩陣接近奇
異矩陣時更增加了運算的複雜度。所幸運算過程可採遞迴的方式，
是一種適應性的法則，能夠有效率的執行運算。本論文將針對這些
特性加以研究，推導出計算反相關性矩陣的快速法則，並將結果實
際模擬應用於信號源的偵測上面。在硬體開發上，應用德州儀器公
司所生產的TMS320C6x 之數位訊號處理器做為開發工具，來將整
個適應性波束形成器的系統實現於數位訊號處理器之硬體工具
上，使得適應性波數形成技術能更便利的與其它無線通訊發展技術相結合。

The purpose of adaptive beamforming is to use array sensors to
pick up signals arrived from various directions. The direction of
arrivals (DOA) of different signals is then determined. By
concentrating processing at certain angles of interesting, the system
efficiency can be greatly improved. The applications of beamforming
include radar, sonar, speech and wireless communication. One of the
most popular approaches is of MVDR which is based on optimum
filtering and spectrum analysis. A cost function is first defined and
minimized in order to find the optimal connection weights between the
input signal from the antenna array and beamformer output. The
computation of the inverse correlation matrix and its multiplication
with steering vector are the most important parts in this processes. In a
system that requires high-speed computation, matrix inversion is
among the most time-consuming processes, especially when the
dimensionality is high and matrix is close to singular. Fortunately,
adaptive algorithms are available so that the process can be performed
efficiently in a recursive way. This paper will derive a fast algorithm
for computing inverse correlation matrix in digital beamforming using the famous matrix inversion lemma. We will demonstrate in the
simulation that DOA can be efficiently detected using this approach. In
hardware design, we use the TMS320C6x Digital Signal Processor
from Texas Instrument (TI) to apply the adaptive beamforming in the
development of DSP hardware. This is will facilitate the technique of
adaptive beamforming in wireless communication.

目錄
封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． iii
中文摘要 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iv
英文摘要 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．v
誌謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． vii
目錄 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．viii
圖目錄 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．x
表目錄 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．x ii
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究背景 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2
1.3 內容大綱．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
第二章 適應性波束形成器
2.1 陣列天線信號模式．．．．．．．．．．．．4
2.2 還形天線信號模式 ．．．．．．．．．．．．6
2.3 LCMV/MVDR 法則 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
2.4 遞迴式更新反矩陣．．．．．．．．．．．．12
第三章 TMS320C6x 數位訊號數理器
3.1 程式發展流程 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15
3.2 TMS320C6x 介紹與處理器架構 ．．．．．．．17
3.3 記憶體分配 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18
3.4 DSP/BIOS ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22
3.5 EMIF 實際應用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
第四章 模擬結果與硬體實現
4.1 MVDR 法則驗證 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
4.2 不同天線數目之影響．．．．．．．．．．．31
4.3 實際量測之天線驗證 ．．．．．．．．．．37
4.4 硬體實現結果 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．43
第五章 結論與未來展望
5.1 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 47
5.2 未來研究方向．．．．．．．．．．．．． 48
參考文獻 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．49

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[27]Code Composer Studio User's Guide(TI Literature Number : SPRU328)
[28]TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide(TI Literature Number : SPRU189)
[29]How to Begin Development Today With the TMS320C6211 DSP(TI Literature Number : SPRA474)
[30]TMS320C6000 EMIF To External Asynchronous SRAM Interface(TI Literature Number : SPRA542)
[31]TMS320C6000 EMIF To External Flash Memory(TI Literature Number : SPRA568)
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