臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本調查研究係採橫斷性研究法，主要目的在於評估暴露於航機廢氣的環境對機場工作人員呼吸道症狀與刺激症狀之影響。暴露組群依研究對象工作性質與每日在停機坪機邊作業時間分成高暴露組（男女合計297人）與低暴露組（男女合計127人），並以同單位之內勤人員（男女合計137人）為對照組。利用問卷調查由航空公司主管發給每一位員工，第三天由研究執行人員至研究對象工作地點進行面對面確認後回收，總計回收率78%。在統計分析上排除無法分組、工作未滿六個月之新進員工以及16歲前罹患過呼吸道疾病者。研究結果顯示，暴露組群與內勤對照組群在所有呼吸道症狀的盛行率上並無顯著性差異；高暴露組群比低暴露組群在急性刺激症狀惡心部分，利用多變項對數迴歸分析調整性別、年齡、工作年數、過去職業性暴露、住家大門面臨馬路類型、自己或家人抽煙------等干擾因素後，乃有較高之盛行率達顯著性差異（惡心，高暴露組/低暴組；調整後之OR=5.42，95%CI =1.25-23.47）。本研究中飛機廢氣暴露與慢性呼吸道症狀之間並未發現有相關性存在，可能是機場停機坪屬於開放性空間，四周並無屏障，故通風良好，航機抵達時雖然一時間可能造成大量廢氣，但很容易被風吹散，不會造成長期間累積性之傷害。

Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the environmental effects of aircraft exhaust on the respiratory tract symptoms and irritative symptoms of the airport workers. The study subjects of the exposure group were followed by their working quality and daily operating hours in the taxing area that we divided them into high exposure (N=297) group and low exposure (N=127) group. We also selected the office staffs at the same unit (N=137) as controlled group. Persons in charge delivered the questionnaires to each worker of airway, and collected them back by study executors at the working place of study subjects in the third day, and the total response rates were 78%. Grouping impossible, individuals with an employment history of less than six months, and having respiratory disease history prior to the age of sixteen year were excluded for data analysis. The study result shows that there is not significant difference in the prevalence rate of all respiratory symptoms between exposure groups and controlled group. For acute irritative symptoms of the nausea part, the high exposure group was at higher prevalence rate with significant difference than the low exposure group after using multiple-logistic regression with adjust the confounding factors of sex、age、record of services、smoking habit of personal and family members (Nausea prevalence, high exposure group/low exposure group; adjusted OR=5.42 , 95%C.I. = 1.25-23.47). In this study, we have not found the existence of correlation between aircraft exhaust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms, the possible reason was due to the public space of this aircraft taxing area, there are well ventilated with no screens surroundings, when large quantities of waste gas come from the aircraft after arrival, they will not make a long accumulative injury for dispersing easily in the wind.

目 錄
中文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
第一章 前言
第一節 研究背景---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究目的---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 高雄國際機場沿革與空中交通狀況------------------------------------------- 3
第二節 機動車輛與飛機油料、廢氣之比較------------------------------------------- 4
第三節 汽油、柴油機動車輛廢氣與呼吸道健康的關係---------------------------- 7
第四節 飛機燃油、廢氣與呼吸道健康的關係---------------------------------------- 16
第三章 材料與方法
第一節 研究對象-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
第二節 問卷調查-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
第三節 統計分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
第四章 結果
第一節 有效問卷與研究族群分組---------------------------------------------------- 25
第二節 研究組群與人口學基本資料------------------------------------------------- 25
第三節 個人職業暴露史與居家環境污染源調查---------------------------------- 27
第四節 慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀之單變項分析------------------------- 28
第五節 慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀之多變項對數迴歸分析〈三組〉- 30
第六節 慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀之多變項對數迴歸分析〈二組〉- 31
第七節 慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀之多變項危險因子分析------------- 32
第五章 討論
第一節 研究組群人口學基本資料分析方面---------------------------------------- 35
第二節 慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀分析方面------------------------------- 40
第三節 本研究與W S Tunnicliffe針對英國伯名罕機場類似研究之比較----- 44
第六章 結論與建議------------------------------------------------------------ 47
第七章 參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------- 48
附表、圖---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
表目錄
表一 高雄與中正國際航空站歷年航機架次統計表------------------- 57
表二 石油各類燃料產品比較表------------------------------------------- 58
表三 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈1〉------------------------------------ 59
表四 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈2〉------------------------------------ 60
表五 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈3〉------------------------------------ 61
表六 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈4〉------------------------------------ 62
表七 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈5〉------------------------------------ 63
表八 交通污染相關文獻摘要表〈6〉------------------------------------ 64
表九 VOCs與呼吸道健康相關文獻摘要表---------------------------- 65
表十 研究組群其他特徵之比較------------------------------------------- 66
表十一 研究組群基本資料---------------------------------------------------- 67
表十二 研究組群人口學基本資料〈男女有效問卷〉------------------- 68
表十三 研究組群人口學基本資料〈男性有效問卷〉------------------- 69
表十四 研究組群人口學基本資料〈女性有效問卷〉------------------- 70
表十五 職業暴露史與居家環境調查〈男性〉---------------------------- 71
表十六 職業暴露史與居家環境調查〈女性〉---------------------------- 72
表十七 研究組群慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀盛行率〈男女〉- 73
表十八 研究組群慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀盛行率〈男〉--- 74
表十九 研究組群慢性呼吸道症狀與急性刺激症狀盛行率〈女〉--- 75
表二十 慢性呼吸道症狀多變項對數迴歸分析〈三組比較〉--------- 76
表二十一 急性刺激症狀多變項對數迴歸分析〈三組比較〉------------ 77
表二十二 慢性呼吸道症狀多變項對數迴歸分析〈二組比較〉--------- 78
表二十三 急性刺激症狀多變項對數迴歸分析〈二組比較〉------------ 79
表二十四 慢性呼吸道症狀多變項危險因子分析--------------------------- 80
表二十五 急性刺激症狀多變項危險因子分析------------------------------ 81
圖 南區定醫類流感逐月通報數--------------------------------------- 82

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