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研究生:蔡欣倫
研究生(外文):Hsin-Luen Tsai
論文名稱:先進柴油引擎燃燒模式與模擬「結構、複雜度與性能」
論文名稱(外文):ADVANCED DIESEL ENGINE COMBUSTION MODELING AND SIMULATION "STRUCTURES, COMPLEXITIES AND PERFORMANCE"
指導教授:邱輝煌邱輝煌引用關係
指導教授(外文):Huei-Huang Chiu
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:航空太空工程學系
學門:工程學門
學類:機械工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:英文
論文頁數:185
中文關鍵詞:群集燃燒理論點火暫態性直噴式柴油引擎邱數Shell點火模式噴霧破裂模式重規化油滴定律油滴點火標準
外文關鍵詞:Group Combustion TheoryIgnition TransienceDI Diesel EngineChiu NumberShell Ignition modelSpray breakup modelRenormalized droplet lawDroplet Ignition criteria
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  本文應用群集燃燒理論探討直噴式(DI)柴油引擎燃燒室中之燃燒模態結構並且計算探討與引擎性能及污染排放有關之群集燃燒數(邱數)。所採用之數值程式架構為KIVA3V第二版,並且進行多項物理機構模式之改進,包括:預測低溫化學反應機制之Shell點火模式、能探討柴油噴注初始破裂及空氣動力破裂機構之KH-RT噴霧破裂物理模式、加入油滴點火判斷標準以界定油滴狀態及調制油滴相對應汽化率以及加入油滴在周遭油滴相互干涉之汽化率及阻力之調制機制;並且透過相關實際引擎之實驗數據驗證,以探討其應用於實際柴油引擎噴霧燃燒預測之可行性分析,程式驗證採用兩種已具有相關實驗數據之柴油引擎分別計算熱釋放率、艙內壓力變化及噴霧延展長度,並且與實驗結果相當吻合,且對於點火延遲時間之預測相當準確。
  在本文中首先定義出可供柴油噴霧燃燒計算之整體邱數(G)且定義燃燒結構模態,再藉由相關參數分析與模擬,檢視柴油噴霧燃燒模態結構及相對應邱數變遷關係發現:
  第一、在整體之直接噴注式柴油引擎之燃燒過程及模態結構中,預點火燃燒階段中僅有些許油滴可達到點火標準,並且熱點在其附近發生並且引發整體燃燒行為,初期火焰會往上游抑或是往下游包覆柴油噴霧,並且將可燃氣燃燒殆盡後,逐漸形成一種以擴散燃燒模態,也就是所謂的外部群集燃燒模態;其在初期燃燒行為具有內部及外部群集燃燒之激發、轉變及共存之現象,稱之為異常群集燃燒現象,而後期則以正常群集燃燒現象存在。
  第二、整體邱數(G)值變遷呈現出隨著曲柄角之動態蛻變趨勢且其值落在外部及內部群集燃燒模態範圍內,並且在預點火點(θ_ig)發生後G值突然陡降至另一特性點:後點火點(θ_DF),這兩個特性點與熱釋放率圖中之預混燃燒階段之點火發生點及結束點相同;透過這兩個特性點,可將G-θ圖分為三區域:預點火燃燒、暫態點火燃燒及後點火燃燒階段,且θ_ig至θ_DF之陡變特性為直噴式柴油引擎之獨特現象,G值從外部群集燃燒模態突降至內部群集燃燒模態。
  第三、經參數分析後發現:在不同引擎操作條件下,直噴式柴油引擎燃燒皆具有異常群集燃燒現象,並且隨著曲柄角變化,進行群集燃燒模態變遷;在不同參數計算下,根據預點火點(θ_ig)之軌跡定義出(θ_ig)之頻寬及上下限制邊界,並依據此限制建立可供引擎妥協設計之區域。根據結果,建議後期燃燒模態應落在臨界邱值(G^*=1.0)附近動態變遷,整體引擎將會有較佳之性能指標。
文末,針對上述探討之特性,簡述未來研究之展望。

The present study firstly applies the group combustion theory to elaborate the investigation on the combustion modal structures and the calculations of the global Chiu number associated with the engine performance and emission production in the DI diesel engine combustion. KIVA 3V (Rel.2) has been selected as the numerical code and updated with the state-of-art physical models including the Shell ignition model, the KH-RT competing spray breakup model, droplet ignition criteria, and renormalized droplet laws. The numerical simulation with updated KIVA 3V (Rel.2) has been performed to validate its applicable feasibility for combustion modeling in the DI diesel engine. The results show in good agreements with predictions of in-cylinder pressure distribution and heat release rate in comparison with experimental data in Caterpillar DI diesel engine and the reasonable prediction of spray penetration distance in Cummins DI diesel engine.
Global Chiu number defined in this study is regarded as the measure of droplet group tightness under the aerothermalchemical environment. Evolution of combustion modal structures associated with global Chiu number in diesel spray combustion has been achieved to assess the dynamic G-valued characteristics and transience. Three major scenarios, characterized by two characteristic points: pre-ignition (θ_ig) and post-ignition (θ_DF), include the pre-ignition, ignition transience and post-ignition combustion, which exhibit the overall complexities in the DI diesel engines. The ignition transience featured by sudden G-valued transition from pre-ignition point (qig) to post-ignition point (θ_DF), is regarded as the unique group combustion phenomena in the DI diesel engine. Before the post-ignition point, the excitation, transition and co-existence of both internal and external group combustion modes in the present prediction are represented as the so-called anomalous group combustion phenomenon. And after the post-ignition point (θ_DF), the post-ignition combustion is classified into the normal group combustion.
According to the locus of θ_ig in the parametric study, the θ_ig bandwidth is defined to identify the proper design margin for DI diesel engine and two limiting boundaries are introduced to limit the dynamic G-valued trend for optimized and tradeoff design in system performance and emission production. With the two limits and the θ_ig bandwidth, the design margin for pre-ignition point (θ_ig) is constructed to establish the optimized and tradeoff design margin for DI diesel engines. The G value for post-ignition combustion stage is also suggested to fall around the critical value G^*=1.0 for transition between external and internal group combustion modes and the better overall system performance will exhibit with the compromising emission production.
In summary, the dynamic transience of the G-valued degeneration and variation in the diesel spray evolution against the crank angle is crucial to determine the engine performance and emission production in the design of modern DI diesel engine. The suggestions for the future research are also outlined to establish the cluster statistical theory with group combustion modal transition and declusterization.

封面
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
NOMENCLATURE
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Literature Reviews
1.2.1 Group Combustion Theory of Liquid Sprays
1.2.2 Droplet Modeling
1.2.3 Progress and Development in Diesel Engine combustion Phenomena
1.3 Motivations and Objectives
1.4 Outline of Thesis
II MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
2.1 Description of Physical Problem
2.2 Governing Equations
2.2.1 The Gas(Eulerian)Phase
2.2.2 The
2.3 Physical Models
2.3.1 Droplet Ignition Criteria
2.3.2 Spray Breakup Model
2.3.3 Shell Ignition Model
2.3.4 Combustion Model
2.3.5 Nox Formation Model
2.3.6 Laws of Interacting Droplet Vaporization,Combustion and Drag in Non-dilute Systems
2.4 Group Combustion Theory
III NUMERICAL METHOD
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Numerical Scheme in KIVA3 series
3.3 Numerical Methodology
3.4 Grid Generation
3.5 Boundary and Initial Conditions
IV RESUL TS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Code Validation
4.2.1 Caterpillar DI Diesel Engine
4.2.2 Cummins DI Diesel Engine
4.3 Aerothermal Structures in Diesel Spray Combustion
4.3.1 Caterpillar DI Diesel Engine
4.3.2 Cummins DI Diesel Engine
4.4 Group Combustion Phenomena in DI Diesel Engine
4.5 Parametric Study
V CONCLUSIONS AND SUNGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Suggestions For Future Work
APPENCIX
REFERENCES
TABLES AND FIGURES
PUBLICATION LIST
VITA

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