臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣位於環太平洋地震帶，發生地震頻率甚高，結構物安全性受其影響甚鉅。本研究以實驗方法探討樑柱接頭之剪力與彎矩補強方法，針對接頭區提出了「鋼板夾克型三明治補強工法」、「全柱型碳纖維包覆補強工法」及「錨定型樑柱碳纖維包覆補強工法」，期望能徹底改善九二一集集地震中所曝露的弱柱強樑及結構缺乏韌性之缺點。
鋼筋混凝土結構一般被認為具有相當好的耐震性，然而在過去幾次地震中，造成許多鋼筋混凝土結構都受到嚴重非預期的損壞或崩塌，「韌性設計」所要求結構韌性行為，無法發揮強柱弱樑設計的理念均是現成的事實。現今耐震補強工法對於樑正彎矩及柱剪力均能有效補強，惟對接頭區之剪力補強與將柱端的彎矩補強尚無有效方法。
本文研究針對樑柱角隅(Beam-Column Corner Joint) 製作全尺寸試體進行反覆載重試驗，將柱端及接頭區受損情形，經補強和修護之施工程序，探討各種補強工法所提供之效益。於反覆載重試驗針對結構物(柱端)破壞後，對柱構件施以三層碳纖維(Carbon Fiber)貼片包覆補強，由於「全柱型碳纖維包覆工法」貫穿樑端，應力得以有效傳遞整個柱斷面，方能提高柱端之撓曲強度。
實驗結果顯示經補強後，柱端撓曲強度提高二倍以上，確實可達到補強的效果，而接頭區的剪力強度亦明顯提高。本補強方法可適用於三至五層建物及不良的現代結構物之修補與改良，為兼顧效率與經濟之工法。

Taiwan is located in the pacific earthquake region which reducing frequency is very high, the safety of building deeply affected by it. Experimental works were conducted to study strengthening methods of shearing and bending moment which existing in the beam-column connection. The study proposal three methods of retrofitting 「Corrugated Steel Jacketing of Retrofitting technology」「Full Type Carbon Fiber Retrofitting of package technology」and「Anchor Type Carbon Fiber Retrofitting of package technology」in the connection, Also hope to improve those faults that are weak-column strong-beam and locking of toughness of building in the 921 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake.
Reinforce concrete buildings are considered that existing well earthquake-resistance, Due to the lesson of severe dam age to Reinforce concrete buildings in past earthquake. It is a truth that design. Can-not corresponding to the concept of strong-column weak-beam when doing toughness-design. In this moment, strengthening methods of earthquake-resistance supply effectively strengthen to bending moment of beam and shearing force of column, but there are no any effective strengthening methods of shearing and ended bending moment in the connection areas.
The test of full scaling sample under the cyclic loading were tested to study the Beam-Column Corner Joint, Utilize the construction process of retrofitting in the damage of ended column and Beam-Column connection to research the efficiency of strengthening methods.
Using three layer Carbon-Fabric strengthen with column after failure in column under cyclic loading test respect, The penetrate column Carbon-Fabric binder system which punch the ended stresses and transmit the stresses to enhance the ended bending strength.
According to the experimental results show the moment strength of ended column enhance more than two times after strengthening, It became a system of strong column-weak beam and apparently enhance the shearing strength of connections. The strengthening method of efficiency and economic which is suitable for retrofitting and modification of three to five and badly modern buildings.

目錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………….I
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………..II
誌謝…………………………….…………………………………………….IV
目錄…………………………….………………………………………………V
表目錄…………………………..……………………………………………IX
圖目錄…………………………..………………………………………….…X
符號說明…………………………………………………………………..XIII
第一章緒論……………………………………………………………….1
1.1前言……………………………………………………1
1.2研究動機與目的………………………………………2
1.3研究方法與流程………………………………………3
第二章文獻回顧………………………………………………………….5
2.1前言……………………………………………………5
2.2國外耐震規範…………………………………………5
2.3構件及材料………………………………………….10
2.4補強理念…………………………………………….17
2.5補強計算法則……………………………….………19
第三章試體規劃與執行…………………………………………………29
3.1材料基本物理性質………………………………….29
3.1.1鋼筋抗拉強度試驗………………………29
3.1.2混凝土抗壓強度試驗……………………30
3.1.3碳纖維張力強度試驗……………………30
3.2試體設計…………………………………………….34
3.2.1柱縱向鋼筋比……………………………37
3.2.2樑主筋錨定長度及箍筋標準彎鉤之規定37
3.2.3樑剪力鋼筋設計…………………………37
3.2.4ACI 318-95規範對於柱端圍束筋之要求38
3.3原始試體製作……………………………………….40
3.4試體之規劃………………………………………….41
3.4.1補強試體之設計及研究參數……………43
3.4.2碳纖維重疊處設計考量…………………44
3.4.3補強試體施工方式………………………45
3.4.4碳纖維補強作業施工程序………………51
3.5實驗裝置設定……………………………………….55
3.5.1試體垂直架設過程………………………55
3.5.2試體水平架設過程………………………57
3.5.3量測儀器之裝置…………………………59
3.5.3.1控制及資料蒐集系統……….59
3.5.4加載程序…………………………………60
第四章實驗結果…………………………………………………………65
4.1前言………………………………………………….65
4.2各試體實驗行為觀察……………………………….65
4.2.1原始BCT-3試體實驗過程……………….67
4.2.2原始BCT-4試體實驗過程……………….71
4.2.3鋼板補強BCT-1試體實驗過程………….75
4.2.4碳纖維補強BCT-4R試體實驗過程………78
4.2.5碳纖維BCT-1R試體實驗過程……………82
4.2.6碳纖維BCT-2R試體實驗過程……………86
4.3載重-變位曲線………………………………………90
4.4彎矩曲線…………………………………………….95
4.5能量消散…………………………………………….99
4.6勁度衰減…………………………………………..103
4.7位移韌性比…………………………………………105
4.8綜合討論……………………………………………111
4.8.1試體破壞模式之歸納………………….111
4.8.2原始試體與補強試體之比較………….113
4.8.3研究參數之結果……………………….119
第五章矩形柱理論分析……………………………………………...122
5.1前言…………………………………………………122
5.2柱斷面分析…………………………………………122
5.2.1斷面纖維元素切片分析法…………….124
5.2.2縱向鋼筋之應力計算………………….128
5.3理論分析與實驗之比較……………………………129
5.3.1ACI標稱彎矩、實驗極限彎矩和理論標稱
彎矩……….......................129
5.3.2各國之規範和理論對接頭區的剪力評估
.................................131
第六章結論與建議…………………………………………………….134
6.1結論…………………………………………………134
6.2建議…………………………………………………136
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….138
附錄一 碳纖維布施工斷面圖及黏貼方向之說明………..……………..144
附錄二 碳纖維材料與傳統鋼板補強比較………...…………………….145
附錄三 口試委員意見及處理結果……...……………………………….146
表目錄
表2-1各國規範對接頭區有效抗剪面積定義之比較………9
表3-1竹節鋼筋性質測試結果…………………………….29
表3-2混凝土圓柱試體之澆置、材齡時間測試強度表….30
表3-3碳纖維拉力試片尺寸及測試結果………………….31
表3-4 試體尺寸及性質表………………………………….35
表3-5試體規劃…………………………………………….42
表3-6全尺寸試驗控制及資料擷取系統………………….59
表4-1各試體之試驗數值………………………………….90
表4-2各試體之韌性與極限彎矩…………………………107
表5-1各試體之ACI標稱彎矩、實驗極限彎矩及理論標稱彎
矩………..................................131
表5-2規範與理論對接頭區標稱抗剪強度…………....133
圖目錄
圖2-1接頭有效面積Ａｊ之規定示意圖…………………..9
圖2-2Mander et al. 圍束混凝土之應力-應變曲線……16
圖2-3縱向鋼筋之應力-應變曲線…………………………16
圖2-4軟化分支曲線中R值之影響…………………………16
圖3-1碳纖維拉伸試片尺寸圖…………………………….32
圖3-2碳纖維材料試驗之應力-應變關係曲線圖…………33
圖3-3BCT-1試體樑柱配筋圖…..…………………………36
圖3-4BCT-2、BT-3、BCT-4試體樑柱配筋圖…………….36
圖3-5鋼板夾克型三明治工法補強示意圖……………….46
圖3-6錨定型樑柱碳纖維包覆工法示意圖……………….48
圖3-7全柱型碳纖維包覆工法示意圖…………………….50
圖3-8全尺寸試體垂直架設配置示意圖………………….56
圖3-9全尺寸試體水平架設配置示意圖………………….58
圖3-10試體樑端的位移和模擬結構層間位移角之關係圖.61
圖3-11垂直架設試體加載歷程圖………………………….61
圖3-12試體接頭區的位移和模擬結構層間位移角之的關係
圖……....................................63
圖3-13水平架設試體加載歷程圖………………………….63
圖3-14餘震加載歷程圖…………………………………….64
圖4-1全尺寸BCT-3試體實驗後破壞情形…………………66
圖4-2全尺寸BCT-4試體實驗後破壞情形…………………70
圖4-3全尺寸BCT-1鋼板補強試體實驗後破壞情形………74
圖4-4全尺寸BCT-4R碳纖維補強試體實驗後破壞情形….77
圖4-5全尺寸BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體實體後破壞情形….81
圖4-6全尺寸BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體實驗後破壞情形….85
圖4-7BCT-3原始試體載重-位移曲線圖………………….91
圖4-8BCT-1鋼板補強試體載重-位移曲線圖…………….91
圖4-9BCT-4原始試體載重-位移曲線圖………………….92
圖4-10BCT-4R碳纖維補強試體載重-位移曲線圖…………92
圖4-11BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體載重-位移曲線圖…………93
圖4-12BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體受餘震後載重-位移曲線圖93
圖4-13BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體載重-位移曲線圖…………94
圖4-14BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體受餘震後載重-位移曲線圖94
圖4-15BCT-3原始試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖……….96
圖4-16BCT-1鋼板補強試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖….96
圖4-17BCT-4原始試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖……….97
圖4-18BCT-4R碳纖維補強試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖97
圖4-19BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖98
圖4-20BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體層間彎矩-層間位移曲線圖98
圖4-21BCT-3原始試體各循環之能量消散圖…………….100
圖4-22BCT-1鋼板補強試體各循環之能量消散圖……….100
圖4-23BCT-4原始試體各循環之能量消散圖…………….101
圖4-24BCT-4R碳纖維補強試體各循環之能量消散圖……101
圖4-25BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體各循環之能量消散圖……102
圖4-26BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體各循環之能量消散圖……102
圖4-27錨定破壞各試體勁度衰減比較圖…………………104
圖4-28撓曲破壞各試體勁度衰減比較圖…………………104
圖4-29Priestly and Park 求降伏位移與極限位移之示意
圖........................................106
圖4-30各試體韌性比較圖…………………………………107
圖4-31BCT-3原始試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖………….108
圖4-32BCT-1鋼板補強試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖…….108
圖4-33BCT-4原始試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖………….109
圖4-34BCT-4R碳纖維補強試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖…109
圖4-35BCT-1R碳纖維補強試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖…110
圖4-36BCT-2R碳纖維補強試體求解韌性比包絡曲線圖…110
圖4-37錨定破壞各試體之載重-位移包絡線比較圖…….115
圖4-38錨定破壞各試體每循環累積消散能量比較圖……115
圖4-39錨定破壞各試體總累積消散能量比較圖…………116
圖4-40撓曲破壞各試體之載重-位移包絡線比較圖…….117
圖4-41撓曲破壞各試體每循環累積消散能量比較圖……118
圖4-42撓曲破壞各試體總累積消散能量比較圖…………118
圖5-1複合柱斷面切片分析之示意圖……………………123
圖5-2矩形柱斷面之有效圍束混凝土……………………124
圖5-3矩形柱斷面核心區之圍束應力……………………124
圖5-4接頭區剪力平衡示意圖……………………………132

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