臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
在實驗室內偵測威氏鐵富豆Tephrosia vogelii (Hook)的葉片粉末對倉儲象鼻蟲的毒性，探討稻穀用威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末處理後，對象鼻蟲羽化及對倉儲稻米發芽的影響；研究也包括稻穀含水量及溫度對於威氏鐵富豆粉末在防治象鼻蟲的效果。研究結果顯示威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末對倉儲象鼻蟲具有毒性。稻穀含水量為11.4%時，在四個不同溫度當中，威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末對倉儲象鼻蟲的LC50值並無差異；同樣地，稻穀含水量為15%時，在四個不同溫度當中，其LC50值也無差異。威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末對象鼻蟲成蟲羽化影響的實驗，結果顯示威氏鐵富豆粉末的濃度愈高象鼻蟲成蟲羽化率愈低，成蟲羽化率在稻穀含水量為11.4%時較15%低，當稻穀含水量為11.4%，威氏鐵富豆粉末在最高濃度1.6%時，倉儲象鼻蟲完全沒有羽化;當稻穀含水量為15%，威氏鐵富豆粉末在最高濃度32%時，倉儲象鼻蟲羽化率最低，只有0.39成蟲羽化。在稻穀含水量為11.4%及15%時，威氏鐵富豆粉末對倉儲稻米的發芽沒有不良影響。在稻穀含水量為11.4%及威氏鐵富豆粉末在其最高濃度(1.6%)下，其對倉儲稻米的發芽率最高為78.7%。在稻穀含水量為15%及威氏鐵富豆粉末最高濃度(32%)下，倉儲稻米的發芽率只有28.8%。當加水使稻穀含水量增加達15%時，倉儲稻米的發芽率與11.4%不同，可能由於稻種的呼吸造成，也可能是倉儲稻米放置時間較久的關係。比較稻穀含水量對威氏鐵富豆葉片毒性及成蟲羽化率影響，顯示在15%稻穀含水量時，威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末毒性較低及象鼻蟲成蟲羽化率較高;此外稻穀含水量為11.4%時，象鼻蟲的羽化較無法持續。在稻穀含水量為11.4%，室溫為24.9℃時，象鼻蟲羽化數最高，但稻穀含水量為15%時，象鼻蟲羽化數在30℃的溫度比其他溫度高。此結果顯示高溫及稻穀含水量高時，象鼻蟲繁殖較快，故溫度及稻穀含水量會影響威氏鐵富豆葉片粉末對倉儲象鼻蟲的毒性。

ABSTRACT
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the toxicity of the fishbean, Tephrosia vogelii (Hook), leaf powder on Sitophilus species in storage. Studies were also conducted to determine the effect of the emergence of weevils when treated with the fishbean leaf powder and the possible adverse effect of the fishbean leaf powder on the germination of the paddy after treatment. Also included in the studies was the effect of (a) moisture and (b) temperature on the effectiveness of the fishbean leaf powder in the control of the Sitophilus species. The results showed that the fishbean leaf powder exerted toxic effect on the Sitophilus species. At the 11.4% moisture content difference was not observed in the LC50 among 4 different temperatures. Similarly, at 15% moisture content difference was not observed in the LC50 among 4 different temperatures. The results further indicated that at higher concentrations of the fishbean leaf powder the less was the emergence of adult Sitophilus species at 11.4% moisture content than at 15% moisture content. There was no emergence of the Sitophilus species at the highest concentration (1.6%) of the fishbean leaf powder at 11.4% moisture content. The lowest was the emergence of the Sitophilus species (0.39 individual) at the highest concentration of 32% at 15% moisture content. The fishbean leaf powder showed no adverse effect on the germination of the paddy at the moisture contents of 11.4 and 15%. The germination rate of the paddy seeds was 78.7% with the highest concentration of the fishbean leaf powder at 11.4% moisture content. At 15% moisture content and the highest concentration of the fishbean leaf powder (32%) the germination rate was 28.8%. The difference in the germination rate between the two moisture contents may be due to seed respiration when water was added to increase the moisture content to 15% moisture content. In addition, this may also be due to aging of the paddy. For moisture effect on the fishbean leaf powder, the higher the moisture content the less toxic was the fishbean leaf powder and the greater the number of weevil emergence at 15% moisture content than at 11.4% moisture content. At 11.4% moisture content there were fewer weevil emergence as compared to the 15% moisture content. In addition, the lower the moisture content weevil development could not be sustained. Room temperature (24.9ºC) showed the highest number of weevil emergence among the temperatures at 11.4% moisture content. At the 15% moisture content the highest number of weevils emergence was at 30ºC as compared to other temperatures. This showed that with higher moisture content and temperature, weevils multiplied rapidly. Hence, it was concluded that temperature and moisture had an effect on the toxicity of the fishbean leaf powder in controlling the weevils in storage.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………i
.
CHINESE ABSTRACT ……………………………………………...iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT …………………………………………….vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………….………….…viii
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………..xii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ……………………………………….xiv
I. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………..1
II. LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………8
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS ……………………………….50
A.Air-drying and grinding fishbean foliage………………….50
B.Dehulling of paddy rice for mass rearing of
weevils……………………………………………………..50
C.Mass rearing of the adult weevils ………………………... 51
D.Initial grain moisture test…………………………………..52
E. Initial germination test of the Kaohsiung-142 paddy rice………………………………………………………....52
F. Moisture adjustment of paddy rice to 11.4 and 15%
moisture contents…………………………………………..52
G. Mixing of fishbean leaf powder with paddy rice …………55
H.Toxicity of fishbean leaf powder on 7-day old weevils
into mixture of paddy rice with fishbean leaf powder……..56
I.Study of the F1 adult emergence after treatment with
fishbean leaf powder at different concentrations………..…57
J.Study of the F1 adult emergence after treatment with
Fishbean leaf powder at different temperatures……….…..57
K.Germination tests of paddy rice with the fishbean
leaf powder at different concentrations and
temperatures………..……………………………………...58
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ………………………………60
A.Toxicity tests at LC50 of fishbean leaf powder on 7-day
old weevils using residual film at 4 temperatures at 11.4
and 15% moisture contents……………………….……….60
1. Effect of temperature on the toxicity (LC50) of fishbean
leaf powder on 7-day old weevils at 11.4 and 15%
moisture contents ………………..………………………...60
2.Effect of moisture on the toxicity of fishbean leaf
powder to 7-day old weevils at 4 different
temperatures …………………………………………..…...62
B.Effects of the toxicity of fishbean leaf powder at different
concentrations on the emergence of F1 weevils at 11.4
and 15% moisture contents…………......…………………64
C.Effects of temperature on the toxicity of fishbean leaf
powder on weevil emergence at 11.4 and 15% moisture contents……………………………………………...…….68
D.Effect of fishbean leaf powder on paddy rice germination
rate at 11.4 and 15% moisture contents.…………………..71
E.Effect of temperature on paddy rice germination after
treatment with fishbean leaf powder at 11.4 and 15%
moisture contents...………………………………………..76
F.Germination test before treatment ………………………..80
G.Comparison of initial germination test to germination
after treatment……………………………………………..80
H.Results of the toxicity (LC50) of fishbean leaf powder
on 7-day old weevils at different temperature ranges
and at 11.4 and 15% moisture contents...…………………81
I.Interation among moisture, temperature and toxicity
of fishbean leaf powder…………………………….….….83
V. CONCLUSION ………………………………………………..86
VI.REFERENCES ……………………………………………….88
VII. BIOSKETCH ………………………………………………...100

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