臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

葉面施肥對於補充植物所需的養分是比較直接、快速的方法，但是並非所有作物都可以採用。蓮霧果農常用葉面施肥來抑制新梢生長或改善果實品質，但是尚未有相關的研究。本研究以不同葉肥、噴施次數與濃度等處理，來探討蓮霧葉片對養分的吸收與運移，以及葉面施肥對新梢生長及果實品質的影響。結果顯示，蓮霧以較低濃度的葉肥噴施葉片後，氮、磷、鉀、鈣及鎂的濃度不論是在盆栽或是果園植株已成熟的葉片中，均沒有顯著的變化；但葉片在施錳數次後，果園中植株的成熟葉片有顯著的增加，且依噴施次數的增加而逐漸累積。在盆栽的試驗中，葉面施肥後，氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂及錳在已成熟葉片中的濃度沒有顯著地增加；在未成熟的葉片中，氮及錳則於噴施葉肥後有顯著的增加，尤其是錳在噴施後12小時即有明顯地增加。維管束組織液於葉面施肥後，只有鎂及錳的濃度有顯著地增加，氮、磷、鉀及鈣均沒有顯著地變化。於本試驗中錳於葉面施肥後，可由葉片經韌皮部再分配（redistribution）至植物體其它的部位。葉片以較高濃度的葉肥處理後，葉片中無機元素的濃度皆有明顯地增加；但是葉肥濃度過高，則造成危害，如葉片燒焦或黃化而落葉。高品質的蓮霧是果粒大、色深紅、甜度高、果肉厚。根據本試驗的結果，以低濃度的葉肥噴施葉片對蓮霧果實品質的提昇沒有顯著的效果。低濃度的葉肥對新梢的生長也沒有顯著的影響。

Foliar fertilization is a more direct and faster way to supply essential nutrients to plants, however, it is not always applicable to every crops. Wax apple farmers have been using foliar fertilization to retard new flushes and improve fruit quality. The present study uses different foliar fertilizers in combination to spraying time and times to realize the uptake, translocation of different elements and their effects on the quality of wax apple fruits.
The results showed that the low concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg in mature leaves of both potted and field-grown wax apple trees did not increase after foliar application. However, Mn concentration in mature leaves of field-grown trees increased significantly in response to foliar application and spraying times. Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations in mature and old leaves in potted trees were not affected after spraying. However, N and Mn in young leaves increased significantly after foliar fertilization. Manganese responded promptly 12 hours after spraying. The concentrations of Mg and Mn in the vascular sap of the treated trees increased significantly, but N, P, K and Ca concentrations were not affected after foliar fertilization. In this experiment, Mn redistribute to other positions via phloem in leaf after foliar fertilization.
The concentration of inorganic elements in leaf increased significantly aftre high concerntration foliar application. However, the excess conceration of foliar fertilization, it cause damage easily, such as leaf burn or chlorosis and fallen leaf.
High quality wax apple fruits are large, dark-red-colored, sweet and thick-fleshed. However, foliar fertilization could not improve the quality of the wax apple fruits in the present study. However, low concerntration of foliar fertilization could not improve the quality of the wax apple fruits and shoots in the present study.

目 錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………….………III
誌 謝………………………………………………………….IV
目 錄…………………………………………………………..V
表 目 錄………………………………………………………. .VII
圖 目 錄………………………………………………………....IX
壹、前言…………………………………………………………1
貳、前人研究…………………………………………………....3
一、葉面施肥在作物栽培上的應用………………………...3
二、葉片對無機元素的吸收………………………………...5
三、植物體中無機元素的運移……………………………...5
四、無機養分對果實品質的影響…………………………...7
參、材料與方法…………………………………………………8
一、葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度、新梢生長
及果實品質的影響……………………………………...8
二、葉片對無機養分的吸收效率及養分在植物
體中的運移……………...………………….….………20
三、不同濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片無機元素濃度的
影響…………………………………………………….30
四、高濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片的影響………………………..34
肆、結果………………………………………………………...35
一、葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度、新梢生長
及果實品質的影響……………………………………35
（一）葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度的影響…….…..35
（二）葉面施肥對蓮霧果實品質的影響……………...43
（三）葉面施肥對新梢生長的影響…………………...47
（四）果園土壤無機養分的狀態……………………...49
二、葉片對無機養分的吸收效率及養分在植物
體中的運移……………………………………………50
（一）葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度的影響………...50
（二）葉面施肥對枝條維管束組織液中無機
養分濃度的影響………………………………...58
（三）盆栽土壤中無機養分的狀態…………………...65
三、不同濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片無機元素含量的
影響…………………………………………………....66
四、高濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片的影響………………………71
伍、討論………………………………………………………...78
一、葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度、新梢生長
及果實品質的影響……………………………………78
（一）葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度的影響…….…..78
（二）葉面施肥對蓮霧果實品質的影響……………...81
（三）葉面施肥對新梢生長的影響…………………...83
二、葉片對無機養分的吸收效率及養分在植物
體中的運移……………………………………………84
（一）葉面施肥對葉片無機養分濃度的影響………...84
（二）葉面施肥對枝條維管束組織液中無機
養分濃度的影響………………………………...85
三、不同濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片無機元素含量的
影………………………………………………………87
四、高濃度葉肥對蓮霧葉片的影響…………………………88
陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………...90
附 錄………..…………..…………………………………….XI
作者簡介……………………………………………...………...XIX

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