臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年來，企業應用ERP系統來輔助其管理公司營運已成為相當普遍的現象，如何做好知識管理並確保企業流程能夠正確地被執行，是企業下一個要努力的目標，因此工作流程 ( workflow ) 的概念開始逐漸受到重視。所謂工作流程，簡言之就是企業流程自動化 ( automated business process )，而工作流程系統 ( workflow system ) 就是利用IT技術實現企業流程自動化的一套系統。透過工作流程系統，企業可以控制流程的活動，以及進行其現有資源的整合與分配，例如組織人員和軟體系統等，藉此加速企業流程活動的進行，並且有效利用相關的資源。
企業在導入工作流程系統時，必須先建立所謂的程序定義，程序定義是工作流程系統的核心，目的在描述工作流程模型。在執行階段，工作流程系統是否能正確地完成一個流程的執行，全賴於程序定義所提供的資訊是否完整無誤。本研究針對工作流程程序定義的建置，提出一個以程序定義為基礎的工作流程建構階段之發展程序，此方法論共分成三個階段：(1)工作流程分析，採用ARIS-Toolset作為流程分析的工具，目的在產生工作流程模型；(2)物件類別定義，以一個描述工作流程模型的模型 ( meta-model )，定義程序定義中上層實體 ( top level entities ) 的關係和屬性；(3)程序定義，運用物件的概念建立工作流程程序定義，並以XMI文件作為程序定義的標準儲存格式。
在最後範例說明的部分，本研究自行設計了一套簡易的工作流程系統，支援XMI格式的程序定義，接著再利用一個簡單的採購流程範例，說明方法論的發展程序，其主要目的在證明以XMI作為描述和儲存程序定義的標準格式，確實是可以直接輸出至軟體系統中執行，並且可在系統執行階段進行所謂的程序定義動態修改。

In recent years, it is a common phenomenon of enterprises using ERP systems to assist business management. The next goal for enterprises to practice is how an enterprise can use knowledge management to make sure that its business processes are executed correctly. For this reason, people begin to put emphases on the concept of workflow gradually. In fact, Workflow means the computerized facilitation or automation of a business process in whole or part, and a workflow system or Workflow Management System (WFMS) is which can completely defines, manages and excutes “workflow” through the execution of a software. An enterprise controls the activities of a process and dispatch its related resource well when the process is executed by the workflow system.
An enterprise has to create process definitions first before using WFMS to manage its business process. A process definition is the core of a workflow system, and its main purpose is to describe the workflow model. In other words, a workflow system that can properly finish the execution of a workflow mainly depends on whether the process definitions can provide correct information. For this reason, this research proposes a build-time development procedure of a workflow system based on process definitions. The methodology of this research is composed of three phases. Phase 1 is Workflow Analysis which uses ARIS-Toolset as a business process analysis tool to build workflow models. Phase 2 is Object Classes Definition which uses a meta-model to difine the relationships and attributes of top-level entities in a process definition. Phase 3 is Process Definition which creates workflow process definitions through object concepts and uses XMI documents as a standard storage format of process definitions.
Finally, this research designs a simply constructed workflow system which supports process definitions in XMI format, and then explains the development procedure using a simple business process for dealing with a purchase order. The main purpose is to prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology, inclusive of process definitions exporting to a software through XMI format and dynamic changes in the system run-time stage.

摘要i
英文摘要 ( Abstract )ii
致謝辭iii
目錄iv
表目錄vi
圖目錄vii
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景1
1.2 研究動機2
1.3 研究目的4
1.4 研究方法5
1.5 章節架構7
第二章 文獻探討8
2.1 工作流程8
2.1.1工作流程定義8
2.1.2工作流程發展8
2.1.3工作流程引擎整合11
2.1.4工作流程程序模型14
2.1.5工作流程系統參考模型16
2.2整合性資訊系統架構18
2.2.1 ARIS觀點18
2.2.2 ARIS階段模型20
2.2.3 ARIS-Toolset 圖形模式化流程分析工具21
2.2.4 ARIS與工作流程控制23
2.3 XMI ( XML METADATA INTERCHANGE )25
2.3.1 XMI架構25
2.3.1.1可延伸性標記語言 ( eXtensible Markup Language, XML )25
2.3.1.2 XMI產生規則 ( Generation Rules )28
2.3.1.3 XMI DTD結構30
2.3.1.4 XMI文件結構34
2.3.2 XMI在UML以外之應用35
2.3.3 XMI解決方案37
2.4 本章結論38
第三章 工作流程系統建構階段之發展程序39
3.1 工作流程分析工具39
3.2 描述程序定義之塑模語言40
3.3 發展程序略述40
3.4 工作流程分析40
3.4.1流程控制42
3.4.2組織資源45
3.4.3功能48
3.4.4應用系統& IT工具51
3.4.5資料54
3.4.6例外處理56
3.4.7建立工作流程模型58
3.5物件類別定義59
3.6程序定義60
3.6.1建立物件參考資料庫61
3.6.2建立程序定義65
3.6.3程序定義輸出與動態修改70
第四章 範例說明72
4.1採購流程分析72
4.2程序定義76
4.3系統介紹與執行描述81
4.4本章結論86
第五章 結論與相關研究方向87
5.1結論87
5.2相關研究方向89
參考文獻90

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