臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用同功酶方法檢測台灣中海拔地區台灣芒（Miscanthus sinensis var. formosanus Hack）的（1）天然族群遺傳結構；（2）種子穗的遺傳變異，以及（3）台灣芒與白背芒及高山芒的分化程度。結果發現成株和幼苗葉組織同功酶表現型不同，成體組織可判讀9種酶，16個基因座；幼苗組織則可判讀6種酶，6個基因座，分析數據獲得以下結果：（1）台灣芒六個族群的異合度期望值（HE）平均為0.202，族群間的遺傳分化百分比（GST）平均值為0.09，與一般的風媒物種相近。（2）台灣芒變種內的族群分化指數（FST＝0.093），大於變種間的指數（FST＝0.056），顯示台灣芒與兩變種族群間有充分的基因流傳。（3）台灣芒行異配有性生殖（tm=0.931），花粉在族群內的流傳相當順暢，種子穗的父本花粉可能等位基因頻度，和原母族群高度相似（0.998以上）。

Miscanthus sinensis var. formosanus Hack is a grass species growing in 1200-2000 M elevation mountain areas in Taiwan, where the species grows is between the distribution of M. sincesis var. glaber (Naki) J. Lee and M. sincesis var. transmorrisonensis Hayata.
In this study, isozyme electrophoresis was applied to detect the (1) genetic strusture of natural populations; (2) genetic variation of spike's offspring and (3) the genetic differentiation among these three varieties in species of Miscanthus sinensis in Taiwan. 16 loci from nine stains was used to analyze the isozymic variation of adult individuals, 6 loci from six stains for spike offspring. The results shown the average of expected heterozygosity (HE) is 0.202 and the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST) is 0.09, both demonstrated the similar parameter to mix-mating wind-pollinated species. The FST values from 6 populations of M. sinensis var. formosanus Hack are 0.093, which is higher than the genetic differentiation (FST=0.056) among the populations of the three varieties in Nantou. The higher FST is showing the gene flow among these three varieties is greater than other different populations of M. sinensis var. formosanus Hack. The estimation of multilocus outcrossing rate, tm=0.89, suggests an outcrossing mating strategy in M. sinensis var. formosanus Hack. In addition, the study of genetic variation from spike offspring indicated that genetic composition from a single spike is indistinguishable from its natural population, the genetic similarity is as high as 0.998. The genetic homogeneity implies a high gene flow within M. sinensis var. formosanus Hack population.
附表目次------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
附圖目次------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
摘要----------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
前言----------------------------------------------------------1
材料與方法----------------------------------------------------10
結果----------------------------------------------------------21
討論----------------------------------------------------------52
結論----------------------------------------------------------59
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------60
附圖----------------------------------------------------------69
附錄----------------------------------------------------------72
附表目次
表一、台灣芒中海拔芒草之取樣地點及樣本數量--------------------12
表二、台灣芒使用的酶名稱、基因座簡稱、四級結構、等位
基因個數、電泳緩衝液、萃取液配方------------------------------22
表三、各族群之等位基因頻率表----------------------------------23
表四、台灣芒六個族群之遺傳變異度------------------------------26
表五、台灣芒六個族群之遺傳結構評估：各基因座之F-統計
值及基因流傳（Nm）--------------------------------------------28
表六、台灣芒六個族群之多型性基因座D值及卡方分析---------------29
表七、台灣芒六個族群之多型性基因座之卡方列聯分析表------------30
表八、台灣芒六個族群之基因歧異度分析--------------------------31
表九、台灣芒六個族群間之遺傳相似度----------------------------32
表十、台灣芒六個族群間之遺傳距離與地理距離--------------------34
表十一、台灣芒各族群內連鎖不平衡（Linkage disequilibria）-----35
表十二、中橫地區白背芒、高山芒及台灣芒之遺傳變度--------------36
表十三、中橫地區白背芒、高山芒及台灣芒之F-統計分析------------38
表十四、中橫霧社支線三變種族群之多型性基因座D值及卡方分析-----39
表十五、中橫霧社支線三變種族群多型性基因座之卡方列聯分析表----40
表十六、中橫地區白背芒、高山芒及台灣芒族群間之遺傳相似度與遺傳距
離----------------------------------------------------41
表十七、中橫霧社支線三變種族群個基因座之等位基因與海拔高度相關性
分析--------------------------------------------------42
表十八、台灣芒三個族群的單基因座及多基因座異交率--------------44
表十九、種子穗各基因座之近親交配係（FIS）---------------------45
表二十、成體族群與種子穗小苗6個基因座之（FST）統計值----------45
表二十一、成體族群及各種子穗平均之基因型頻率------------------46
表二十二、各母族群族群與種子穗花粉等位基因頻率比較------------48
表二十三、種子穗父本花粉與母族群間之遺傳相似度----------------51
表二十四、各種子穗父本花粉的HE值（六個基因座）----------------51
附圖目次
圖一、台灣芒採集樣點分布圖------------------------------------11
圖二、台灣芒六個族群之群叢（Clustering）分析樹狀圖------------33
附圖一、台灣芒各族群遺傳距離與地理距離之回歸分析--------------69
附圖二、基因座SOD-1之異合度期望值與緯度回歸方程式-------------69
附圖三、基因座PER-2之d等位基因頻率與緯度回歸方程式------------70
附圖四、基因座SOD-1之a等位基因頻率與緯度回歸方程式------------70
附圖五、基因座PGM之a等位基因頻率與緯度回歸方程式--------------71

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