跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.85) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/12/12 12:13
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:蔡采玲
研究生(外文):Tsai tsai-ling
論文名稱:探討重金屬對DesulfovibriostrainPCP1與Clostrridium-likestrain混合菌生長及還原去氯作用的影響
指導教授:劉秀美劉秀美引用關係
指導教授(外文):Liu shiu-mei
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立海洋大學
系所名稱:海洋生物研究所
學門:自然科學學門
學類:海洋科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:69
中文關鍵詞:硫酸還原菌去氯作用重金屬生物復育厭氧五氯酚共代謝混合生長
外文關鍵詞:sulfate reducing bacteriadechlorinationheavy metalbioremediationanaerobicpentachlorophenolcometabolismmixed culture
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:156
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
摘 要
利用從厭氧河口底泥分離出的具將PCP、2,4,6-TCP及2,4,6-TBP鄰位之鹵素去除的Desulfovibrio PCP1菌株,及其共生污染菌來研究不同金屬離子,對還原去鹵素菌株生長及去鹵素作用之影響。因考慮將還原去鹵素菌株應用在生物復育或生物反應槽時也會遭遇共生污染菌,故利用二者之混合菌來測試。
混合菌的生長分為兩階段,比較PCP的去氯、硫酸還原、lactate利用與菌群生長,發現PCP似乎是在生長第一階段被去氯,SO42-亦在第一階段還原作用較快,而lactate的利用在第一階段與第二階段較不明顯。所以推測Desulfovibrio strain PCP1的生長於第一階段;而Clostridium-like strain於第二階段生長。
添加金屬實驗結果發現,Cd2+(5-25ppm)對混合菌兩段式生長中第一階段與第二階段,皆有促進作用,且依Cd2+濃度增加而增加。Cr6+(5-25ppm)在第一階段沒有明顯促進或抑制作用;在第二階段時,低濃度Cr6+ (5-15ppm)有促進菌群生長的現象;而在高濃度Cr6+ (20-25ppm)則會抑制菌。不論在第一階段與第二階段,低濃度Cu2+(5-15ppm)具有促進菌群生長的現象,且依Cu2+濃度增加而增加;而高濃度Cu2+ (20-25ppm)則會抑制生長。然而,Hg2+在第一階段時,低濃度(5-10ppm)對菌群有抑制現象,高濃度Hg2+ (15-25ppm)反而促進菌群生長,且依Hg2+濃度增加而增加;在第二階段,Hg2+ (5-25ppm)對菌群生長均有促進現象,且依Hg2+濃度增加而增加。
在含鹵素環狀化合物且無金屬存在時,此混合菌群還原去鹵素的能力不穩定,有時菌群也不生長,對PCP分解似乎有抑制作用。當PCP,2,4,6-TCP或是2,4,6-TBP與金屬離子同時存在時,菌群的生長更被抑制。

目錄
目錄 i
摘要 iii
前言 1-17
材料與方法 18-39
實驗材料 18-26
實驗方法 27-39
結果 40-47
討論 48-59
參考文獻 59-69
附錄
表一、全球重金屬元素每年進入空氣、水及土壤之通量
表二、自然界河水、地下水、泉水及海水中
四種溶解態重金屬元素的濃度範圍
表三、Sequence pair distance
表四、重金屬對混合菌生長的影響
圖一、氯酚類化合物在環境中的命運
圖二、重金屬之污染過程
圖三、五氯酚之光分解反應路徑
圖四、五氯酚之微生物分解途徑
圖五、五氯酚、2,4,6-三溴酚及2,4,6-三氯酚濃度之檢量線
圖六、硫酸鹽、乳酸鹽及醋酸鹽濃度之檢量線
圖七、重金屬鎘、鉻、銅及汞離子濃度之檢量線
圖八、phylogenetic tree
圖九、Desulfovibrio strain PCP1
圖十、Clostridium-like strain的內胞子
圖十一、Clostridium-like strain的側鞭毛
圖十二、吸附金屬的菌體
圖十三、Clostridium-like strain的內胞子
圖十四、Clostridium-like strain的側鞭毛
圖十五、Clostridium-like strain與Desulfovibrio strain PCP1混生 的 情形
圖十六、培養基中添加受質與0.02%酵素抽出物對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖十七、培養基中添加受質、硫酸鹽及0.02%酵素抽出物對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖十八、培養基中添加受質對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖十九、溫度對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖二十、鹽度對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖二十一、pH對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖二十二、酵母抽出物含量對Clostridium-like strain生長的影響
圖二十三、鎘離子對混合菌生長的影響
圖二十四、鉻離子對混合菌生長的影響
圖二十五、銅離子對混合菌生長的影響
圖二十六、汞離子對混合菌生長的影響

參 考 文 獻
山縣登。土井陸雄。最首悟。田口正。1983。環境污染。恆星社厚閣。東京。pp.i-xv, 1-301.
王一雄。工業化學品土壤污染。土壤環境污染與農藥。明文書局股份有限公司。台北。1-648頁。
方天熹。2000。基隆市工業廢水重金屬之探討。45-55頁。基隆市環保工作回顧與展望研討會-「基隆市空氣污染基金運作與展望」論文集。基隆市環境保護局。基隆。
行政院環保署全球資訊網。www.epa.gov.tw。
莊進源、王仁澤、張均昌。1978。Hy-Jet電鍍廢水處理。環境保護,台北。2:21-23。
張仁福。1996。環境保護與污染管制。合記圖書出版社。台北。第1-704頁。
張晉添、陳致谷。1993。土壤污染復育工程技術。工業污染防治,三民書局。台北。45:43-65。
張晉峰。1999。曾文溪底泥中硫酸還原菌的分離鑑定及菌群分佈的探討。碩士論文。海洋大學,海洋生物研究所。1-106頁。
張碧芬、王一雄。1991。台灣地區土壤中有機毒性物質之調查有機毒性物質在環境中之流布及對環境影響評估(氯酚化合物部份),行政院環境保護署研究計畫編號EPA 80-H103-09-19。
陳家全、李家維、楊瑞森。1991。生物電子顯微鏡。國家科學委員會精密儀器中心編印。新竹。1-266頁。
陳吉平、唐坤元。1991。微生物學實驗。睿煜出版社。屏東。1-527頁。
陳陵援。1995。儀器分析。三民書局。台北。1-316頁。
郭烈銘。1990。有害物質滲漏地下水層污染調查報告。行政院環境保護署。台北。35-36頁。
曾四恭、吳先琪、李慧梅。1997。環境污染及防治。明文書局股份有限公司。台北。1-282頁。
劉孟駮。1992。不同濃度氯酚化合物在汙泥中之厭氧分解。碩士論文。東吳大學,微生物學研究所。1-40頁。
鄭鴻鉸、吳世冠。1989。煉鋼廢水所含酚類化合物之研究。172-178頁。第二屆環境分析化學研討會論文集。台北。
Ahlborg, U.G. and T.M. Thunberg. 1980. Chlorinated phenols: occurrence, toxicity, metabolism, and environmental impact. Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 7:1-35.
Bouchard, B., R. Beaudet, R. Villemur, G. McSween, F. Lepine and J.-G. Bisaillon. 1996. Isolation and characterization of Desulfitobacterium frappieri sp. nov. an anaerobic bacterium which reductively dechlorinates pentachlorophenol to 3-chlorophenol. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 46:1010-1015.
Boyle, A.W., C.D. Phelps and L.Y. Young. 1999. Isolation from estuarine sediments of a Desulfovibrio strain which can grow on lactate coupled to the reductive dehalogenation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:133-140.
Bohn, H., L. McNeal, B.L. Mohn and G.A. Connor. 1985. Soil Chemistry, 2nd ed. Wily-Interscience. New York. U. S. A. pp.1-233.
Chang, Y.C., B.C. Okeke, M. Hatsu and K. Takamizawa. 2001. In vitro dehalogenation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by cell-free extract of Clostridium biferementans DPH-1. Bioresource Technology., 78:141-147.
Christiansen, N. and B.K. Ahring. 1996. Desulfitobacterium hafniense sp. nov., an anaerobic, reductively dechlorinating bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 46:442-448.
K.-W. Chun and R.S.G. Barbara. 1996. Effect of added heavy metal ion on biotransformation and biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorobenzoate in anaerobic bacterial consortia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62:2317-2323.
Cole, J.R., A.L. Cascarelli, W.W. Mohn and J.M. Tiedje. 1994. Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterium growing via reductive dehalogenation of 2-chlorophenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:3536-3542.
Cole, J.R. and A.L. Foxworthy. 1993. Isolation of anaerobic bacteria capable of growing via reductive dehalogenation of 3-chlorobenzoate, abstr. Q-383, p. 416. In Abstracts of the 93rd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1993. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Collard, J.M., A. Provoost, S. Taghavi and M. Mergeay. 1993. A new type of Alcaligenes eutrophous CH34 zinc resistance generated by mutations affecting regulation of the cnr cobalt-zickel resistance system. J. Bacteriol., 175:779-790.
Chang, Y.C., B.C. Okeke, M. Hatsu and K. Takamizawa. 2001. In vitro dehalogenation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by cell-free extracts of Clostridium bifermentans DPH-1. Biores. Techn., 78:141-147.
Christansen, N. and B.K. Ahring. 1996. Desulfitobacteium hafniense sp. Nov., an anaerobic, reductively dechlorinating bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:442-448.
De Rore, H., E. Tup, F. Houwen, M. Mergeay and W. Verstraete. 1994. Evolution of heavy metal resistant transconjugants in a soil environment with a concomitant selective press. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 14:263-273.
Diels L., S. Van Roy, K. Somers, I. Willams, W. Doyen, M. Mergeay, D. Springael and R. Leysen. 1995. The use of bacteria immobilized in tubular membrane reactors for heavy metal recovery and degradation of chlorinated aromatics. J. Mem. Sci., 100:249-258.
Doelman P., E. Jansen, M. Michels and M. Van Til. 1994. Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial diversity and activity as shown by the sensitivity-resistance index, an ecologically relevant parameter. Biol. Fert. Soils., 17:177-184.
Fantroussi, S.F., N. Henry and N.A. Spiros. 1998. Anaerobic dechlorinating bacteria. Biotehnol. Prog., 14:167-188.
Fetzer, S. 1998. Bacterial dehalogenation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50:633-657.
Fude, L., B. Harris, M.M. Urrutia and T.J. Beveridge. 1994. Reduction of Cr (VI) by a consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB III). Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:1525-1531.
Gadd, G.M. and A.J. Griffiths. 1978. Microorganisms and heavy metals. Microbiol. Ecol., 4:303-317.
Gerritse, J., O. Drzyzga, G. Kloetstra, M. Keijmel., L.P. Wiersum., R. Hutson., M.D. Colloins and J.C. Gottschal. 1999. Influence of different electron donors and acceptors on dehalorespiration of tetrachloroethylene by Desulfitobacterium frappieri TCE1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65:5212-5221.
Gerritse, J., V. Renard, T.M.P. Gomes, P.A. Lawson, M.D. Collins and J. C. Gottschal. 1996. Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE1, an anaerobic bacterium that can grow by reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene or ortho-chlorinated phenols. Arch. Microbiol., 165:132-140.
Gherna, R., P. Pienta and R. Cote . 1992. American type culture collection catalogue of bacteria and phage 18th ed. American type culture collection. Rockville, Md.
Gibson, S.A. and J.M. Suflita. 1986. Extrapolation of biodegradation results to groundwater aquifers: reductive dehalogenation of aromatic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 52:681-688.
Hashemi F., G.G. Leppard and F. Kushner. 1994. Copper resistance in Anabaena variabilis: effects of phosphate nutrition and polyphosphate bodies. Microbiol. Ecol., 27:159-176.
Hashemi A., N. Saidi, M. Cherif and A. Boudabous. 1998a. Resistance of environmental bacteria to heavy metals. Biores. Technol., 64:7-15.
Hou, L.-H. and S.K. Dutta. 2000. Phylogenetic Characterization of several para- and meta-PCB dechlorinating Clostridium species: 16s r DNA sequence analyses. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 30:238-243.
Hughes, M.N. and R.K. Poole. 1989. Metal toxicity. pp. 252-302. Metals and micro-organism. Chapman & Hall. New York.
Hughes, M.N. and R.K. Poole. 1991. Metal speciation and microbial growth―the hard (and soft) facts. J. Gen. Microbiol., 137:725-734.
John, R.S., A.F. Linda and D.H. Bruce. 2000. Modeling reduction of uranium U (Ⅵ) under variable sulfate concentration by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66:3711-3721.
John, H.P., K. Selvi and W.J. Johns. 1996. Effect of cadmium on reductive dechlorination of trichloaniline. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15:1083-1088.
John, R.S. and J.M. Sarah. 1999. Developments in terrestrial bacterial remediation of metals. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 10:230-233.
Jørgensen, B.B. 1982. Mineralization of organic matter in the sea-bed-The role of sulfate reduction. Nature., 296:643-645.
Keith, L.H. and W.A. Telliard. 1979. Priority pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13:416-423.
Kong, I.C., D.A. Wubah and W.J. Jones. 1992. Effects of heavy metals on reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols in anoxic freshwater sediment. abstr. Q-195. p. 368. In ed(s). Abstracts of the 92nd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1992. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, D.C.
Larsen, S., H.V. Hendriksen and B.K. Ahring. 1991. Potential for thermophilic (50℃) anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in different ecosystems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57:2085-2090.
Liesegang, H., K. Lemke, R.A. Siddiqui and H.G. Schlegel. 1993. Characterization of the inducible nickel and cobalt resistance determintant cnr from pMOL28 of Alcaligenes eutrophous CH34. J. Bacteriol., 767-879.
Li, F. and T.C. Tan. 1994a. Effect of heavy metals ions on the efficency of a mixed bacilli BOD sensor. Biosens. Bioelectron., 9:315-324.
Li, F. and T.C. Tan. 1994b. Monitoring BOD in the presence of heavy metals ions using a poly (4-vinylpyridine) coated microbial sensor. Biosens. Bioelectron., 9:445-455.
Lin, W.J. and E.A. Johnson. 1995. Genome analysis of Clostridium botulinum type a by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61:4441-4447.
Linkfield, T.G. and J.M. Tiedje. 1990. Characterization of the requirements and substrates for reductive dehalogenation by strain DCB-1. J. Ind. Microbiol., 5:9-16.
Lévesque, M.-J., R. Beaudet, J.-G. Bisaillon and R. Villemur. 1998. Quantification of Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain PCP-1 and Clostridium-like strain 6 in mixed bacterial populations by competitive polymerase chain reaction. J. Microbiol. Methods., 32:263-271.
LaMontagne, M.G., G.J. Davenport, L.-H. Hou and S.K. Dutta. 1998. Identification and analysis of PCB dechlorinating anaerobic enrichments by amplication: accuracy of community structure based on restriction analysis and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. J. Appl. Microbiol., 84:1156-1163.
Malakul, P., K.R. Srinivasan and H.Y. Wang. 1998. Metal toxicity reduction in naphthalene biodegradation by use of metal-chelating adsorbents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64:4610-4613.
Mochidzuki, K. and Y. Takeuchi. 1999. The effects of some inhibitory components on biological activated carbon processes. Wat. Res., 33:2609-2616.
Mohn, W.W. and J.M. Tiedje. 1992. Microreductive dehalogenation. Microbiol. Rev., 56:482-507.
Mullen, M. D., D. C. Wolf, F. G. Ferris, T. J. Beveridge, C. A. Flemming and G. W. Bailey. 1989. Bacterial sorption of heavy metals. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55:3143-3149.
Nriagu, J. and J.M. Pacyna. 1988. Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature, 333:134-139.
Pankhania, I.P. and J.P. Robinson. 1984. Heavy metal inhibition of methanogenesis by Methanospirillum hungatei GP1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 22:277-281.
Pardue, J.H., S. Kongara and W.J. Jones. 1996. Effect of cadmium on reductive dechlorination of trichloroaniline. Environ. Toxi. Chem., 15:1083-1088.
Passivirta, J., J. Knuutinen, P. Maatela, R. Paukku, J. Soikkeli and J. Sarkka. 1988. Organic chlorine compounds in lake sediments and the role of the chlorobleaching effluents. Chemosphere, 17:137-146.
Pignatello, J.J., M.M. Martinson, J.G. Steiert, R.E. Carlson and R.L. Crawford. 1983. Biodegradation and photolysis of pentachlorophenol in aritifical freshwater streams. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:1024-1031.
Postgate, J.R. 1984. The sulphate-reducing bacteria. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Unvirsity press.
Raina, M.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba. 1999. Environmental microbiology. Academic press. pp.i-xix., 1-585.
Rohit M. and S. Sheela. 1994. Uptake of zinc in Pseudomonas sp. Strain UDG26. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:2367-2370.
Said, W.A. and D.L. Lewis. 1991. Quantitative assessment of the effects of metals on microbial degradation of organic chemicals. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57:1498-1503.
Sanford, R.A., J.R. Cole, F.E. Loffler and J.M. Tiedje. 1996. Characterization of Desulfitobacterium chlorespirans sp. nov., which grows by coupling the oxidation of lactate to the reductive dechlorination of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62:3800-3808.
Senfuss, C. and H.G. Schlegel. 1988. Plasmid pMOL28-encoded resistance to nickel is due to specific efflux. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 55:295-306.
Siddiqui, R.A., K. Benthin and H.G. Schlegel. 1989. Cloning of pMOL28-encoded nickel resistance gene and expression of the genes in Alcaligenes eutrophous and Pseudomonas spp. J. Bacteriol., 171:5071-5082.
Spear, J.R., L.A. Figueroa and B.D. Honeyman. 2000. Modeling reduction of uranium U (VI) under variable sulfate concentrations by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.. 66:3711-3721.
Springael, D., D. Ludo and M. Max. 1994. Transfer and expression of PCB-degradative genes into heavy metal resistant Alcaligenes eutrophous strains. Biodegradation, 5:343-357.
Sun, B. and J.R. Cole. 1998. Enrichment and isolation of anaerobic dechlorinating microorganisms from marine sediments. Poster Q-193. In ed(s). Abstracts of the 98th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Sun, B., J.R. Cole, R.A. Sanford and J.M. Tiedje. 2000. Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans sp. nov., a marine dechlorinating bacterium growing by coupling the oxidation of acetate to the reductive dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66:2408-2413.
Tomika, N.A., H. Uchiyama and O. Yagi. 1994. Cesium accumulation and growth characteristics of Rhodococcus erythropolis CS98 and Rhodococcus sp. Strain CS402. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:2227-2231.
U.S. Envrionmental Protection Agency. 1979. Water-related environmental fate of 129 priority pollutants. EPA-440/4-79-029. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D. C.
Utkin, I., D.D. Dalton and J. Wiegel. 1995. Specificity of reductive dehalogenation of substituted ortho-chlorophenols by Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61:346-351.
Utkin, I., C. Woese and J. Wiegel. 1994. Isolation and characterization of Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans gen. nov., dechlorinates chlorophenolic compounds. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 44:612-619.
William, R.J. 1998. Practical applications of marine bioremediation. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 9:300-304.
Wood, J.M. and H.-K. Wang. 1983. Microbial resistance to heavy metals. Environ. Sci. Technol., 17:582-590.
Xie, T.M., K. Abrahamsson, E. Fogelqvist and B. Josefsson. 1986. Distribution of chlorophenols in a marine environment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20:457-463.
Young, L.L. and E.C. Carl. 1995. Bioremediation of chlorophenol wastes. pp.389-434. In ed(s). Microbial transformation and degradation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals. Wiley-liss, Inc. New York.

QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top