臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

機場為一具有多元投入及產出之生產單位，要衡量其經營績效，必須考量其多元投入及產出之特性，且必須能將此效率指標轉換為有效的管理措施。回顧過去對於機場經營績效之相關文獻，並無探討航空噪音管制及投入擁擠對機場經營績效影響之理論及研究；而機場之航空噪音為生產過程中不可避免之副產品，而過多之投入在公營單位亦為影響績效之重要因素。因此，本研究主要目的在提出一套評估機場經營績效的衡量方法，以及探討航空噪音管制與投入擁擠對機場經營績效之影響，並分析影響機場經營績效之其他外在環境因素。
經由相關文獻之回顧，分析比較各績效衡量方法之特性及適用條件，本研究以生產經濟理論為基礎，利用資料包絡分析法，藉由構建投入效率、產出效率及生產效率分析模式，探討經營國內航線之民航機場經營績效，及其受航空噪音管制與本身投入擁擠之影響，並以潛在損失及效率分數鑑別力指標，評估航空噪音管制指標對機場生產損失之影響，及分辨出機場經營績效之能力，最後並以Tobit迴歸分析法分析其他未納入效率分析模式中之影響因素對機場績效之影響程度。
由研究結果顯示，因國內機場因受到航空噪音相關法規之管制，將效率分析模式納入機場之航空噪音量後，效率值之大小及排序差異非常大，表示機場若將處理航空噪音之成本納入績效評估，會打亂了機場彼此之間經營績效的排序及效率分數，此亦說明了管制航空噪音會影響機場經營績效之評比。因此，忽略航空噪音管制的效果不僅會增加無效率機場的個數，亦增加了機場較具生產力的假象。就航空噪音指標之選擇來看，根據生產效率分析模式之評估結果，以指數模式對機場之潛在損失影響較小；就機場經營績效對擁擠效率、航站種類虛擬變數及時間趨勢變數進行Tobit迴歸分析，其中擁擠效率每增加1%，機場之經營績效就會提昇0.55%，在航站種類方面，甲種、乙種航站相較於丙種航站有明顯的經營績效優勢。而機場的經營績效會隨著時間的增加有愈來與好的進步，但其進步之程度隨時間之推移趨緩。

Airports have the production nature of utilizing multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. In general, aircraft noise is one kind of by-product of airports. An efficiency index for assessing airport performance must reflect the property of multiple outputs containing aircraft noise, and identify future directions for improving performance. In fact, most currently available performance measures do treat multiple outputs by valuing goods and ignoring bads. Since little or no literature exists specific to the issue of airport performance evaluation concerning aircraft noise and input congestion, the main purpose of this study is to develop and implement a performance measure applicable in general multiple outputs setting in which production yields some outputs that are desirable outputs and others are not to explore how aircraft noise and input congestion influence airport performance.
In this study we apply Data Envelopment Analysis to assess the performance of airports, and investigate the influence of aircraft noise regulation and input congestion on airport performance by constructing input efficiency measure model, output efficiency measure model, and graph measure model in first stage. Furthermore, we utilize potential loss and distinction power index to evaluate which aircraft noise index is suitable for regulating purpose. In the second stage, we analyze the performance affecting factors by adopting Tobit regression to identify the variables, which affect airport performance.
In the subject of performance evaluation, the results show that, ignoring undesirable output aircraft noise increases both frequency and the degree of inefficiency, and distorts performance rankings. This confirms that airports facing relatively strict environmental controls will appear to have low productivity relative to those having relatively lax controls when comparisons are based on the conventional approach. From the point of selecting aircraft noise index, the airports encounter smaller potential loss when weak disability of exponential aircraft noise index is imposed in graph measure model. In the subject of Tobit regression analysis, the results show that, 1 percent change in congestion efficiency will lead to a 0.55 percent increase in airport performance. A and B airport category perform better than C significantly, and the time trend terms in this regression tell us, as time increasing, the better the airport''s performance, but at a decreasing rate.

封面
誌謝
摘要
ABSTRACT
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章　緒論
１．１　研究動機
１．２　研究目的
１．３　研究範圍與限制
１．４　研究方法與架構
１．５　研究內容與流程
第二章　機場績效評估之文獻回顧
２．１　財務比率分析法
２．２　多準則評估法
２．３　生產力及生產效率分析法
２．４　綜合評析
第三章　分析方法及評估架構
３．１　DEA之由來及效率分析的概念
３．２　生產技術結構
３．３　相對效率的衡量及假設條件
３．４　經營績效評估架構
第四章　無預設函數效率分析模式之建立
４．１　投入效率分析模式
４．２　產出效率分析模式
４．３　生產效率分析模式
４．４　總損失分析模式
第五章　實證研究
５．１　機場之營運特性分析
５．２　機場航空噪音污染量之衡量
５．３　資料來源及處理
５．４　實證結果分析
第六章　結論與建議
６．１　結論
６．２　建議
參考文獻
附錄　符號表

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