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研究生:鄧耀民
研究生(外文):Iu Man Tang
論文名稱:台灣北部地區夏季冰雹事件之環境條件與激發機制探討
論文名稱(外文):An Investigation of a Summertime Hailstorm event over Northern Taiwan
指導教授:陳泰然陳泰然引用關係
指導教授(外文):George Tai-Jen Chen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:大氣科學研究所
學門:自然科學學門
學類:大氣科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:81
中文關鍵詞:冰雹雹暴冷心低壓噴流條垂直風切
外文關鍵詞:HailHail StormCold Core LowJet StreakVertical Wind Shear
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台灣地區夏季午後雷雨雖然經常發生,但過去38年(1961年-1999年,1980年缺)全台中央氣象局所屬24個非山區氣象站所觀測到的36次冰雹事件,發生在夏季(7~9月)的僅有6次,顯示夏季出現劇烈天氣現象的機會相當少。然而,1998年7月2日和1999年8月28~30日分別在兩個高層冷心低壓影響下,台灣北部地區卻發生了4次冰雹事件,其中1998年7月2日下午所發生的冰雹事件,使台北車站、板橋與土城等地區先後出現0.5~2公分大小的冰雹,誠屬罕見。雷達回波顯示,當天對流雖沒有組織性發展,但降雹期間對流最大回波中心東南側有弱回波區,位置與近地層的內流氣流及中低層的中尺度渦旋一致,這些特徵與一般中緯度劇烈對流風暴相似,均顯示對流發展相當劇烈。
本文利用傳統地面與高空觀測資料、GMS-5衛星風場以及EC/TOGA網格資料,分析1998年7月2日冰雹事件的對流激發機制與環境條件,探討冷心低壓在這次冰雹事件的角色與劇烈對流發展可能伴隨之中尺度過程。結果發現,冷心低壓伴隨之高層冷平流使大氣的潛在不穩度增加,對流可用位能增大。同時,其外圍環流增強了台灣北部的垂直風切,形成有利劇烈對流發展的環境條件,並由反旋式中尺度渦旋的形成,反映垂直風切與對流間的動力交互作用在這次對流事件扮演重要角色。然而,對流的發展時間與位置,並非取決於最有利的綜觀環境條件,從中尺度分析顯示,對流發展當天局部環流顯著,在LFC低的環境下,局部環流產生局部輻合為激發對流發展的主要機制。
此外,冷心低壓環流伴隨噴流條結構,於冰雹天氣發生時,台灣北部正位於噴流條出區左側非地轉次環流的高層輻散之下。因此,在局部環流提供舉升與噴流條的動力舉升雙重作用之下,對流遂在不穩定的大氣環境被激發並發展產生降雹現象。
Hailstorm is a rather unusual weather event in Taiwan particularly in the summer reason. There were a total of 36 events reported officially by the Central Weather Bureau in the last 38 years and only 6 out of 36 events occurred in the summer season. The hailstorm case occurred in the Taipei Basin on July 2, 1998 was investigated using conventional surface and upper-air observations, satellite cloud winds, and EC grid data.
Results showed that an upper-level cold-core low provided a favorable condition for the developments of the storm. The storm appeared to be triggered by the low-level convergence forced by local circulation coupled with the upper-level divergence forced by a jet streak of the cold-core low. The mesoscale vortex generated by the convection in the low- and mid-troposphere was also analyzed and discussed.
目錄.......................i-ii
摘要........................iii
圖說.......................iv-ix
表說 ........................x
第一章 前言....................1-5
第二章 資料來源與分析方法.............6-9
一、 資料來源...................6-7
二、 分析方法...................7-9
第三章 天氣現象與對流發展特徵..........10-14
一、 天氣現象..................10
二、 對流發展與演變之雷達回波特徵........10-13
三、 小結....................13-14
第四章 綜觀環境條件...............15-21
一、 水氣頻道衛星雲圖分析.............15
二、 地面與高空分析...............15-17
三、 探空分析..................17-20
四、 小結....................20-21
第五章 中尺度分析................22-27
一、 降水與局部環流...............22-23
二、 冷心低壓環流結構..............23-26
三、 小結....................26-28
第六章 討論...................29-35
第七章 總結...................36-37
誌謝.......................38
參考文獻.....................39-43
圖........................44-75
表........................76-81
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