臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
稜角絲瓜目前一般栽培品種對低溫敏感度高，易受低溫傷害，然目前並無耐寒品種，林(1999)於秋冬季露地篩選出具耐寒潛力85022品系，本試驗確定85022品系的耐寒力，並探討其各生育階段之耐寒性是否一致，更進一步定出耐寒性指標。秋冬季露地栽培觀察指出峰面期間三喜品種對低溫非常敏感，以成熟葉受傷最為嚴重，85022品系則不受影響，且不同葉齡間具一致耐寒力。85022品系不同時期電導度變化趨勢較三喜品種緩和，三喜品種自子葉期後電導度快速上升，株齡75天達到最高，成株電導度值高於幼苗期，85022品系子葉期至上棚時電導度微微上升，株齡87天後電導度值更低於幼苗時期，顯示85022品系成株後耐寒力更高於幼苗期，由於兩品種(系)幼苗時期即有顯著性差異，因此利用幼苗探討臨界溫度差異，結果指出85022品系臨界溫度較三喜品種低2-4℃。觀察兩品種(系)幼苗不同低溫時間後回溫生長表現，85022品系較三喜更耐低溫三天，另外，種子發芽率觀察，兩品種(系)於15、20℃中7天，兩溫度處理之發芽率皆不及50%，然85022品系15℃未發芽種子回溫後3天內發芽率達99%，三喜品種經7天後發芽率不及50%，顯示發芽溫度低於20℃兩品種(系)種子發芽皆受到限制，85022品系回溫後幼苗及種子發芽生長表現較三喜品種耐寒。‘三喜’×85022品系電導度值測定結果顯示耐寒性介於兩親之間，電導度值與生長勢之相關r=0.375，‘三喜’×85022品系果實特性上，果長及果寬分別為48.55及8.26公分，果表網脈略深，不具白色斑點，長日下花數減少。此外，本試驗以較高耐寒性‘三喜’×85022品系與三喜進行回交，供日後耐寒性及相關果實性狀之遺傳研究。

Summary
A chilling tolerant “Line 85022” of angled loofah selected by Li(1999) was grown together with a popular cultivar, ‘San-C’ in the open field. cold weather in the autumn-winter season caused sever chilling injury for ‘San-C’. Mature leaves were more susceptible than young leaves. However, both young and mature leaves of line 85022 were resistant to the cold weather. Electrolyte leakage of ‘San-C’ rose from cotyledon growth stage to plant maturation stage with a peak at 75 days after sowing. Mature plant had a higher electrolyte leakage than seedling. Electrolyte leakage of “line 85022” rose only slightly from cotyledon stage to 61 days after sowing. The plant of 87 days after sowing had an electrolyte leakage much lower than the seedlings. On the other hand, adult plant of “Line 85022” had a higher chilling tolerance than seedling. The two cultivars (line) had a significant difference in chilling tolerance in the seedling stage. The critical temperature for causing chilling injury for “Line 85022” was 2 to 4℃ lower than that of ‘San-C’. When seedlings of both cultivars than exposed to low temperature and then returned to non-chilling temperature, “Line 85022” could tolerate 3 days longer low temperature than ‘San-C’. Seed germination test for both cultivars were carried out at 15℃ and 20℃ for 7 days. Germination rate for either cultivars was ＜ 50﹪. When un-germinated seeds of “Line 85022” were transferred from 15℃ to 25℃, germination rate reached 99﹪in 3 days However, ‘San-C’ with similar treatment had ＜ 50﹪ germination in 7 days. Although, the germination rates of both cultivars were low at ≤20℃. “Line 85022” seeds had higher rate and stronger seedling germination growth vigor than ‘San-C’ when the cold-treated germinating seeds were transferred to 25℃. The electrolyte leakage of the hybrid of ‘San-C’ × “Line 85022” was in between that of its parents. The regression between growth vigor and electrolyte leakages was r=0.375. The hybrid had fruit length and diameter of 48.55 and 8.26cm, slightly deep net vein on the surface, and no white spot. The hybrid also had fewer flowers under long day conditions. A back cross line of ‘San-C’ × “Line 85022” and ‘San-C’ was also made available for further genetic studies on chilling tolerance and fruit characters.

目 錄
內容目次………………………………………………….1
圖表目次………………………………………………….4
摘要……………………………………………………….6
前言……………………………………………………….7
前人研究………………………………………………….8
一、臨界溫度…………………………………………………….8
二、低溫對作物的影響………………………………………….8
(1)形態與生長發育上的改變…………………………………9
1.種子發芽………………………………………………….9
2.幼苗早期生長…………………………………………….10
3.生殖生長………………………………………………….11
A.花芽形成數目、花性表現及雌雄花數目……………..11
B.花粉活力及花粉管伸長……………………………..12
C.果實生長………………………………………………12
(2)生理生化上的改變………………………………………..13
三、降低寒害的措施…………………………………………….14
(1)溫度處理……………………………………………………14
(2)間歇回溫及提高濕度………………………………………15
(3)荷爾蒙施用…………………………………………………15
四、電導度測定………………………………………………….16
(1)離子滲漏與細胞膜生理變化的關係………………………16
(2)電導度的應用………………………………………………17
五、品種(間)耐寒性差異的表現….……………………………18
(1)種子發芽……………………………………………………18
(2)幼苗存活率………………………………………………..19
(3)花粉發芽及生長…………………………………………..20
(4)離子滲漏…………………………………………………..20
(5)其他………………………………………………………..21
試驗材料與方法………………………………………….22
一、葉片生長曲線調查…………………………………………..22
二、秋冬季露地栽培觀察及不同葉齡敏感度測量……………..22
三、親本不同生長階段及‘三喜’×85022品系葉片電導度測定24
(1)親本不同生長階段葉片電導度測定………………………24
(2)‘三喜’×85022品系葉片電導度測定……………………25
四、臨界溫度測定………………………………………………..26
五、低於臨界溫度及回溫後幼苗存活率觀察……………………26
六、照光及不照光對低溫處理後回溫苗期及成株葉片的影響..27
七、種子發芽率…………………………………………………..27
結果……………………………………………………….29
一、稜角絲瓜的生育特性………………………………………..29
1.葉片生長曲線……………………………………………….29
2.秋冬露地栽培觀察………………………………………….29
3.低於臨界溫度及回溫後幼苗生長的表現………………….30
4.種子發芽…………………………………………………….31
5.‘三喜’×85022品系耐寒性及果實特性………………….31
二、稜角絲瓜葉片之電導度測量………………………………..32
1.不同葉齡電導度測量……………………………………….32
2.不同生長時期對低溫的敏感度…………………………….33
3.臨界溫度…………………………………………………….33
4.照光與不照光對低溫後回溫苗期及成株葉片的影響…….34
討論……………………………………………………….36
英文摘要………………………………………………….53
參考文獻………………………………………………….55

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