臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

百合參試品系有鐵炮型百合Km2、‘Nellie White’、‘Gelria’，亞洲型百合‘Purple Sensation’及東方型百合 ‘Casa Blanca’。群間雜種有鐵炮型與東方型百合之雜交品系LD × CB、NW × CB及鐵炮型與亞洲型百合之雜交品系Gel × PS、#10 × PS等組培苗，並採用組培苗小鱗莖之小鱗片為培植體，探討基因型、滲透壓劑、ABA及Fluridone等因子對其再生培養8週後，葉片形態發育的影響。
百合小鱗片再生不定芽發育為小鱗莖，鐵炮型百合除Km2外，培養8週約可形成3-4枚鱗片葉，經一次繼代培養8週後，鱗片葉數更可達9-10枚，表現強生長勢與早熟性。亞洲型百合‘Purple Sensation’表現中等生長勢，約具4-5枚鱗片葉，東方型百合‘Casa Blanca’則多為無葉身小鱗莖的發育，僅具1-2枚鱗片葉，屬弱生長勢。種間雜交種L/O屬中弱生長勢，具5-7枚鱗片葉，L/A雜交群屬中強生長勢，具7-9枚鱗片葉。顯示鐵炮型百合之鱗片葉發育形態及強生長勢呈顯性遺傳。
培養基中添加高糖濃度(90-120 g/L)會減少芽原體分化，再生的小鱗莖呈無葉生長，而將葉原體導向鱗片型無葉身小鱗莖的發育，其對所有的參試品系都有相同的結果，能將鱗片葉型轉換成非鱗片葉型。而添加PEG亦隨濃度提高，漸轉為鱗片型發育。顯示葉原體之發育方向可能與高滲透壓有關。
ABA(0.5-1.0mg/L)可抑制芽原體分化，限制小鱗莖肥大及根系生長，最明顯為影響葉原體的發育方向，且隨著濃度的提高，抑制效果愈大。不管是非鱗片葉型或鱗片葉型品系，ABA均可抑制鱗片葉的發育，使其朝向無葉身小鱗莖的生長。在不含ABA的再生培養基中預培養14-21天，同樣能抑制鱗片葉的生長，顯示ABA抑制葉原體的後分化，ABA的抑制作用是暫時性的，且外加ABA生合成抑制劑Fluridone並不能拮抗ABA的作用。
難再生鱗片葉的東方型百合‘Casa Blanca’，外加Fluridone (0.01-0.5 mg/L)可有效促進‘Casa Blanca’芽原體分化，鱗片葉發育，其作用和ABA的作用完全相反。唯Fluridone會抑制葉綠素的合成，形成白化鱗片葉，這些作用是暫時性的，移除Fluridone，即可使葉綠素合成恢復。另高濃度蔗糖組合Fluridone(0.1 mg/L)，則能消除碳源所造成高滲透壓之無葉身分化作用。相對地，Fluridone與ABA組合處理，其則無法拮抗ABA之抑制作用，仍以無葉小鱗莖發育，但小鱗莖葉綠素仍受抑制而呈白化生長。

The studies of in vitro bulbing of lily materials included longiflorum hybrid Km2、‘Nellie White’ and ‘Gelria’. Asiatic hybrid ‘Purple Sensation’ and Oriental hybrid ‘Casa Blanca’. Interspecific L/O hybrids : LD × CB, NW × CB and interspecific L/A hybrids : Gel × PS, #10 × PS were also involved. The plantlet scale 5mm in width were used as explant, and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with osomoticum, ABA or fluridone. To proceed genotypes、osmoticums、ABA and fluridone test, compared and assayed this factors affected on adventitious bud regeneration and the developmental determination of leaf primordia.
Regeneration of adventitious buds developed to bulblets. Longiflorum hybrid lilies were 9-10 scale leaves expression to high vigor, with the exception of Km2. Asiatic hybrid lily ‘Purple Sensation’ was expression to mid-vigor, has 4-5 scale leaves. Oriental hybrid lily ‘Casa Blanca’ often developed to non-green-leaf bulbets, only has 1-2 scale leaves, belong to weak vigor. L/O hybrid was mid-weak vigor, has 5-7 scale leaves and L/A hybrid was mid-high vigor, has 7-9 scale leaves. This indicated that the high vigorous and scale leave development pattern were heredity dominant.
High sucrose level (90-120 g/L) displayed to inhibite bud primordia differentiation or scale leaves development, resulted in formation of non-green leaf bulblets in all tested clones. The addition of polyethylene glycol also reduced the adventitious bud number and induced the leaf primordia destining to scale pattern formation, as the PEG concentration increased. It was demonstrated that the high osmotic stress may play important role in retarding the leaf blade development mediated endogenous ABA upgrading.
The addition of ABA (0.5-1 mg/L) showed multiple inhibitions in bud primordium differentiation, bulblet growth, root growth, leaf blade development, and conducted to non-green-leaf bulblet, regardless of non-scale leaf type or scale leaf genotypes. The bud formation in ABA free medium for 14-21days, thereafter, transferred to ABA containing medium, all the preformed leaf primordial or neoprimordia were also totally directed to scale-type development, depicted that the ABA has strong inhibiton of leaf blade expansion rather than scale formation.
Long concentration of fluridone (0.01-0.5 mg/L) was efficiently to stimulate adventitious bud formation, and induce scale leaf development to the non-green-leaf bulblet cultivar ‘Casa Blanca’. The combination between fluridone and high sucrose concentration (120 g/L), the former was capable to relief the latter stress effect, and conducted to scale leaf development. In contrast, the fluridone was incapable to antagonism the inhibition of exogenous ABA, the regenerated buds was still developed to non-green-leaf bulblet type.

一、前 言....................................................1
二、前人研究...................................................3
(一) 植物葉片形態發生......................................3
1. 光照...................................................5
2. 植物生長調節劑.........................................5
(1) Auxins.............................................5
(2) Cytokinins.........................................6
(3) Abscisic acid (ABA)................................6
(4) Gibberellins (GA3).................................7
(二) 百合簇生習性與早熟機制的關係..........................7
(三) 影響百合鱗片葉發生的因子..............................9
1. 溫度...................................................9
2. 光照..................................................10
3. 培養基蔗糖濃度........................................10
4. 植物生長調節劑的影響..................................11
三、材料與方法................................................13
(一)參試品種及遠緣雜交種..................................13
(二)培養用小植株養成......................................13
(三)試驗內容..............................................14
1.不同基因型百合鱗片再生苗之生長發育比較.................14
2.滲透壓對百合鱗片葉發生的影響...........................14
(1) 不同蔗糖濃度處理...................................14
(2) 不同PEG濃度處理....................................14
(3) 培養基中滲透壓的測定...............................15
3.植物生長調節劑與百合鱗片葉發生的關係...................15
(1) Abscisic acid (ABA)................................15
(2) ABA生合成抑制劑─Fluridone.........................15
(3) ABA與Fluridone組合處理對百合鱗片葉發生之影響.......16
(4) Gibberellins (GA3)處理.............................16
4.組織培養苗健化.........................................16
5.鱗片葉發生之形態解剖學觀察.............................16
四、結 果...................................................20
(一) 百合種及雜交種鱗片再生苗之發育特性...................20
(二) 滲透壓對百合鱗片葉發生的影響.........................21
1. 不同蔗糖濃度處理......................................21
2. 不同PEG濃度處理.......................................22
(三) 植物生長調節劑與百合鱗片葉發生之關係.................37
1. ABA對百合鱗片葉發生之影響.............................37
2. ABA生合成抑制劑─Fluridone 處理.......................37
3. ABA與Fluridone的交感作用..............................38
(四) 組織培養苗健化.......................................39
(五) 百合鱗片再生之解剖學觀察.............................40
五、討 論...................................................52
(一) 遺傳控制百合葉片形態發育.............................52
(二) 蔗糖濃度對百合鱗片葉發生的影響.......................53
(三) ABA、Fluridone與百合鱗片葉發生的關係.................56
六、中文摘要..................................................60
七、英文摘要..................................................62
八、參考文獻..................................................64

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