臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

知識管理與傳遞目前不管在研究領域或是商業領域都變成一個很重要的課題, 我們將會評估並討論現存的知識表示模型, 並且提出一個對與知識的管理與呈現都適合的模型。 在知識傳遞的部分章節內, 我們將焦點放在兩個地方:知識的可擷取性以及知識的再利用性。 在知識的可擷取性方面, 我們的目標是可以讓電腦可以快速準確地擷取到資料, 而在知識再利用姓方面, 我們主要是可以讓使用者在與電腦互動的過程之中學習到知識。在AI的領域中有很多種不同的知識表示法, 而每一種都有不同的特性, 比較過這些知識表示法之後, 也提出一個具有圖形能力而且可以同時表示靜態知識與動態知識的表示核心, 本研究的重心並不在於自動化的推理能力, 而是一個如何使電腦輔助知識管理的方法

Knowledge management and dissemination is now an important topic in business or research area. In this dissertation, we will evaluate and discuss the existing knowledge representation models and then propose a suitable model for managing and presenting knowledge fragments by using computers. As to the knowledge dissemination parts, we focus on two major concerns: knowledge accessibility and reusability. In knowledge accessibility, the aim is to make computer store/retrieve knowledge more efficiently; whereas in knowledge reusability, our concern is to let a learner learn the pre-stored knowledge by interacting with a computer.
There are many knowledge representation models in artificial intelligent research area, and each has different characteristics. Some of them are with semantics capability, such as semantic networks, frames, and scripts, whereas some of them are with dynamic inference power, eg, production rules, and some are with visual tools for modeling knowledge, for instance, Petri-Net, G-Net…etc. Thus, we are trying to surveying current existing knowledge representation models and choose one from them. The chosen model will be able to represent both static and dynamic knowledge.
Focus of this research is not on the automatically inference capability, but in the method about how to use computer to manage knowledge. The capability of presenting knowledge in graphics can give us a better understanding of the inference process of dynamic knowledge, then we can therefore learn dynamic knowledge from a computer. Generally speaking, we want to build a system which be able to “learn” knowledge from human instructor, and then spread the knowledge to other learners. Therefore, our system must have capability of 1) recording and retrieving human knowledge automatically, and 2) presenting knowledge to users.
After examining the knowledge representation model, we will propose a design for the knowledge management system based on the model we choose; and illustrate the implementation of each software modules.
We will introduce a system named MathCAL which is a tutoring system for users to practice mathematical problem solving skills. The knowledge representation model is Petri-Net, it is used for tracking and recording a student’s problem-solving steps dynamically. The corresponding Petri-Net knows the status of a learner and can predict steps that he or she wants to take. While a learner is using this system, computer will gather information about the learner, for example, the solving statues, strategy he/she wants to adapt, and the possible impasse he or she occurs…etc, and consequently give the learner hints or guidance based on these information.
One of the most important features of the system is that the solving skills of a computer grow in each interacting session. That means the computer can “learn” problem solving skills.

ABSTRACTi
TABLE OF CONTENTSiii
LIST OF TABLESv
LIST OF FIGURESvi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1
1.1 The world of knowledge1
1.2 Research Topics2
1.3 Prototype Implementation5
1.4 Outlines7
CHAPTER 2 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION MODELS8
2.1 Knowledge System8
2.2 Knowledge Representation Model9
2.2.1 Semantic Networks9
2.2.2 Frames11
2.2.3 Production Rules12
2.2.4 Petri-Nets13
2.2.5 Knowledge Table Representation17
2.2.6 G-Net Model18
2.3 Using Petri-Net Graph23
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESIGN24
3.1 System Architecture25
3.2 Data Agent Unit (DAU)26
3.2.1 IOStream: An Unified IO Interface27
3.2.2 Naming Mechanism28
3.2.3 Attached information of an IOStream29
3.2.4 Protocol Register Form30
3.2.5 Class FIFOStream33
3.2.6 Content Decoder Manager33
3.2.6 URL Manager Module34
3.3 Document Presentation Unit (DPU)36
3.3.1 Content Type Translator37
3.3.2 Content Type Translator Manager:40
3.4 Knowledge Editing Unit (KEU)43
3.4.1 Knowledge Interchange Format43
3.4.2 Knowledge Interchange Markup Language45
3.4.3 Design of KIML Editor47
3.5 Documents and Knowledge Fragments49
3.6 Knowledge Search Unit (KSU)52
3.7 Knowledge Dissemination Unit (KDU)54
3.8 Summary57
CHAPTER 4 PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM59
4-1 Intelligent Mobile Devices59
4-2 Embedded Software System62
4-3 A Working System63
CHAPTER 5 MATHCAL67
5.1 Introduction to MathCAL68
5.2 An Example of Solving a Mathematical Problem68
5.3 The Properties of MathCAL69
5.3.1 Mechanism for Recording Problem-Solving Steps69
5.3.2 Extendibility of the Problem Bank70
5.3.3 Assistance from Other System Users71
5.4 MathCAL’s Diagnostic Sub-System71
5.5 MathCAL’s Database Design77
5.5.1 Modeling Mathematical Problems77
5.5.2 Modeling Problem Solutions77
5.5.3 Modeling Learners80
5.6 Summary of MathCAL83
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS85
6.1 Summary85
6.2 Future Work86
BIBLIOGRAPHY88

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