本篇論文乃是沿用第三代行動通訊的規格，在基地台端，實現智慧型陣列天線提升上傳訊號的訊號對雜訊及干擾的比。驗證智慧型陣列天線對於系統內可容納的人數的提高。
首先，我們假設在一小段時間內，相位的改變是可以忽略的。應用此一特點，我們在匹配濾波器的輸出上，進行時間域的同相位疊加。再者，對於天線陣列收集到的數組訊號，進行非同相位的疊加。上述兩種舉動可以增加訊號功率同時降低干擾，因而大幅提升了頻道估測的正確率。
智慧型陣列天線利用空間域上的分歧，改變天線的場型瞄準訊號來向，進而發射及接收訊號，藉此提升系統內可同時容納的人數。我們以訊號與雜訊及干擾的比率為準，評估在不同的演算法下，智慧型陣列天線對於系統的改善。模擬的結果顯示，適應性陣列天線可以提供智慧型天線在第三代行動通訊上一個可行的實現。

For the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)’s WCDMA uplink communications, scrambling is introduced in the dedicated physical channels (DCH). A specially designed matched filter, whose coefficients are a combination of the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) code and the scrambling code for the desired user, is employed to carry out the despreading and unscrambling simultaneously.
Channel estimation taking advantages of the coherent integration and incoherent integration operations to enhance signal power and suppress interference at the same time, therefore improves the estimates. Besides, smart antennas hold great promise for increasing the capacity depending on radiating and receiving energy only in the intended directions. The spatial diversity is well taken by smart antennas with Digital BeamForming (DBF). The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based beam-space beamforming gets the Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) by collecting signals in a time slice; otherwise, the Minimum-Mean-Square- Error (MMSE)-based adaptive beamforming decides the weights by minimizing the mean square errors between the signals and the scrambling code. Compare these two approaches of beamforming in Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) analysis to evaluate the system performance, as smart antenna is employed on WCDMA. Simulation results show that adaptive antenna provides feasible implementation.

Contents
ABSTRACTI
LIST OF FIGURESIV
LIST OF TABLESVI
1. INTRODUCTION1
1.1 THE THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS1
1.2 WHY USE A SMART ANTENNA ARRAY?2
1.3 THESIS OVERVIEW:3
2. SPATIAL CHANNEL MODELS FOR ANTENNA ARRAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS6
2.1 LOCAL CONSIDERATIONS8
2.2 CHANNEL CONSIDERATIONS11
2.3 RECEIVED SIGNAL16
2.4 TYPICAL ENVIRONMENTS18
2.4.1 Macrocell Environment18
2.4.2 Microcell Environment20
3. THE 3RD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP PROJECT (3GPP)21
3.1 THE WCDMA SYSTEMS21
3.2 DEDICATED TRANSPORT CHANNEL23
3.3 THE WCDMA PHYSICAL LAYER24
3.3.1 Uplink Spreading25
3.3.1.1 Spreading25
3.3.1.2 Scrambling27
3.3.2 Uplink Modulation28
3.3.3 Channelization Codes31
3.3.4 Uplink Scrambling Codes33
3.2.4.1 Long scrambling sequence34
3.3.4.2 Short scrambling sequence36
4. SPATIAL PROCESSING FOR WIRELESS SYSTEMS40
4.1. BENEFITS OF SMART ANTENNA FOR WCDMA SYSTEMS40
4.2. SMART ANTENNAS TECHNOLOGY41
4.3. DIGITAL BEAMFORMING45
4.3.1 Beam-Space Beamforming46
4.3.2 Adaptive Antenna Systems48
4.3.2.1 Criterion for Optimal Weights – Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE)50
4.3.2.2 Adaptive Algorithm52
4.4 WIDEBAND SMART ANTENNAS54
4.5 SIGNAL-TO-INTERFERENCE-AND-NOISE RATIO (SINR)55
5. SIMULATION RESULTS58
5.1 THE TRANSMITTED SIGNAL58
5.2 SMART ANTENNA FOR WCDMA SYSTEMS61
5.2.1 Multipath Channel Estimation for WCDMA Uplink62
5.2.2 Adaptive Antenna Array for Wideband-CDMA71
6. CONCLUSION81
BIBLIOGRAPHYI

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