臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

醫學臨床檢測上所最想要的目標就是將其儀器微小化及有著高解析度和高精確度，再則維持人體生命機制之一是血液循環系統，因此研發非侵入性又有高精密度的光子測量之技術，以便測量醫學病理診斷時所需之重要生理參數。本研究是藉由蒙地卡羅法（Monte Carlo Method）進行光子於皮膚表面傳遞的電腦數值模擬分析與模型分析，以氦氖雷射作為其光源，然後經由Y型光纖進行光訊號的傳遞及感測，再以光外差法（optical heterodyning）測量該反射光頻率以及原始之入射雷射光波之頻率差，然後藉由光訊號分析與電腦數值分析來求得該物體之移動速度。
從本論文的臨床實驗及電腦模擬的結果，我們發現蒙地卡羅法不但可省架設的時間亦可免去動物試驗時所產生的一些生理參數的誤差。

The most desired aim of clinical detection is to minimize the dimension of detection instruments but still maintain high resolution and high precision. One of the most important mechanisms for maintaining the life of human beings is the human circulatory system. This researches focus on a non-invasive technique of photon measuring. From the measured results we can obtain important biomedical parameters useful for pathological diagnosis.
This project is to implement a non-invasive optical flow velocimetry for detecting the human circulatory system under the skin surface. Monte Carlo Method is used to simulate and model the transmission of photon on the skin surface. The incident light source used was the He-Ne laser. The signal was transmitted and detected via Y-type optical fiber. Optical heterodyning is used to measure the frequency difference between the reflection wave and the original incidence laser wave. This is a real-time and continuous blood flow velocimetry. We find that the proposed method is feasible for doctors when doing clinical diagnosis.
The results of simulation using Monte Carlo method and that of clinical experiment were identical. Therefore, in the future we can use Monte Carlo simulation to build the system without taking expriment.

中文摘要I
英文摘要II
第一章 緒論1
1-1 簡介1
1-2 背景1
1-3 章節概要3
第二章 理論基礎5
2-1 皮膚結構5
2-2 都卜勒原理12
2-3 蒙地卡羅法14
2-4 統計分析16
2-４.1單一變因變異數分析模式18
2-4.2一般線性模式21
第三章 系統架構及測量方式24
第四章 測量結果26
第五章 結論與討論38
第六章 未來方向42
參考文獻44
參考書籍48

1. J.G. Webster, et. al., "Encyclopedia of medical devices and instrumentation: Fiber optics in medicine", New York: John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2. pp. 1284-1302, 1988.
2.J.G.. Webster, et. al., "Encyclopedia of medical devices and instrumentation: Optical sensors" New York: John Wiley & Sons, vol.3, pp.2121-2134，1988．
3.E. H. Wood and J. E. Geraci，"Photoelectric determination of arterial oxygen saturation in man. "J. Lab. Clin. Med., vol.34, pp387, 1949．
4.A. Mayevsky and B. Charnce, "Intracellular oxidation-reduction state measured in situ by multichannel fiber-optic surface fluorometer." Science, vol. 217, pp.537, 1982.
5.D. R. Doiron and G. S, Keller, "Porphyrin photodynamic therapy: Principles and clinical applications." Curr. Probi. Dermatol., vol. 15, pp. 85, 1986.
6.D. W. Lubbers, "Blood gas analysis with fluorescent dyes as an example of their usefulness as quantitative chemical sensors." Anal. Chem. Symp. Ser., vol. 17, pp.609-619, 1983."
7.F. M. Ham, 1. V. Kostanic, G. M. Cohen, and B. R. Gooch. "Determination of glucose concentrations in an aqueous matrix from NIR spectra using optimal time-domain filtering and partial least-squares regression." IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. Vol. 44, no. 6, 1997.
8.J. G. Webster, "Medical instrumentation: Application and design." 2''nd edition, Houghton Mimin, 1992.
9.C. Riva, B.Boss, and G. B. Benedek, "Laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in capillary tubes and retinal arteries." Invest. Ophthalmol, vol. II, pp. 936; 1972.
10.T. Tanaka. C. Riva, and 1. Ben-Sira, "Blood velocity measurements in human retinal vessels." Science, vol. 186, PP.830. 1974.
11.T. Tanaka and G. B. Benedek, "Measurement of the velocity of blood flow (in vivo) using a fiber-optic catheter and optical mixing spectroscopy." Appl. Opt, vol.l4, pp.l89, 1975.
12.M. Stern, "In vivo evaluation of mocrocirculation by coherent light scattering." Nature (London), vol. 254, pp.56, 1975.
13.D. W. Watkins and G. A. Holloway, "An instrument to measure cutaneous blood flow using the Doppler shift of laser light." IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol.25, pp.28. 1978.
14.J.E. Grunwald, C.E. Riva, S.H. Sinclair, A.J. Brucker, and B.L. Petrig," Laser Doppler velocimetry study of retinal circulation in diabetes mellitus." Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.104, no.7, pp.991-996, 1986.
15. N. Fujio, A. Yoshida, H. Ogasawara, G.T. Feke, and J.W. McMeel," The new laser Doppler velocimetry for the measurement of retinal circulation and its clinical application." Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science, vol. 71, no. 6, pp.757-769, 1996.
16. C. Svedman, G.W. Cherry, E. Strigini, T.J. Ryan, " Laser Doppler imaging of skin microcirculation." Acta Dermato-Venereologica. vol. 78, no.2, pp,114-118, 1998.
17. C. Picart, P,H. Carpentier, S. Brasseur, H. Gailiard, J.M. Piau, "Systemic sclerosis: blood rheometry and laser Doppler imaging of digital cutaneous microcirculation during local cold exposure," Clinical Hemorheology & Microcirculation. Vol. 18, no. 1, pp.47-58, 1998.
18. Maurice F. Aburdene, ”Computer Simulation of Dynamic Systems”, Chap. 8,1998.
19. M.J.C. Van Gemert, L. Jacques, H. J. C. M. Sterenborg, W. M. Star, “Skin Optics”, IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 12, Dec. 1989.
20.Dennis Watkins, Allen Holloway,”An Insteument to Measure Cutaneous Blood Flow Using the Doppler Shift of Laser Light”,IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. BME-25,No1 1, Jan. 1978.
21.Swee Chuan Tjin, Seng Lee Ng, Kian Thiam Soo, “In Vivo Doppler Shift Measurements Using Multimode Fiber-Optic Catheters”, IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, Vol.45, No.10, Oct. 1998.
22. Klaus Dörschel, Gerhard Muller, “Velocity resolved laser Doppler blood flow measurements in skin”, Flow Mean Instrum., Vol. 7, No. ¾, pp.257-264,1996
23. Page, E. S., “Pseudo-random elements for computers”, Appl. Stat., 8, 1959, 124-131.
24. Von Neumann, J., “Various techniques used in connection with random digits”, U. S. Nat. Bur. Stand. Appl. Math. Ser., No. 12, 36-38, 1951.
25. Knuth, D.E., “The Art of Computer Programming”, vol. 2(Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1967)
26.Kochenburger, R.J., and Turcio, C.J., “Computers in Modern Society “(Carlsbad, CA: Hamilton, 1974)
27.Stephen T. Flock, Michael S. Patternson, Brian C. Wilson, Douglas R. Wyman,”Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Propagation in Highly Scattering Tissues-I: Model Predictions and Comparison with Diffusion Theory”, IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering, Vol.36, No.12, Dec. 1989.
28.F. F. M. de Mul, M. H. Koelink, M. L. Kok, P. J. Harmsma, J. Greve, R. Graaff, J. G. Aarnoudse,”Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Monte Carlo Simulation on Models for Blood Perfusion in Tissue”, Applied Optics, Vol. 34, No. 28, Oct. 1995.