跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.87) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/17 12:30
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:王宏玲
研究生(外文):HUNG-LING WANG
論文名稱:虹鱒來源鏈球菌於魚體內散播途徑之研究
論文名稱(外文):Studies on the spreading routes of Streptococcus spp. in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )
指導教授:陳媺玫
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:獸醫學研究所
學門:獸醫學門
學類:獸醫學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:87
中文關鍵詞:鏈球菌虹鱒免疫組織化學染色
外文關鍵詞:streptococcirainbow trout
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:7
  • 點閱點閱:528
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
為比較強、弱毒株鏈球菌侵入魚體內的分佈路徑與存活情況,及宿主巨噬細胞清除鏈球菌的能力,本實驗以虹鱒來源鏈球菌為模型,實驗分兩方向進行:(一)菌浴感染虹鱒,定期取樣分離細菌及進行免疫組織化學染色,以觀察鏈球菌侵入魚體路徑及其感染後在臟器及組織中分佈的情形和最終存在的位置(二)以虹鱒的巨噬細胞吞噬鏈球菌,觀察鏈球菌是否能在巨噬細胞中存活並且繁殖。在感染虹鱒方面,結果顯示無論強、弱毒株在人工感染虹鱒後2小時首先在脾臟分離到鏈球菌,到18天仍可在脾臟分離到鏈球菌。臨床症狀則出現在感染後第三天,強毒株感染的虹鱒症狀比弱毒株感染的嚴重。剖檢下顯示感染的虹鱒有脾臟、腎臟的腫大及胃腸道積水,有些魚隻可見肝臟充血或蒼白及清澈樣腹水。組織學病變發現弱毒株RT-2感染的虹鱒除了眼睛的病變、炎症細胞浸潤及腎小管玻璃小滴變性外,無明顯變化,而強毒株R0726感染的虹鱒則還有多處臟器組織都發現有炎症細胞的浸潤,肝細胞腫脹、腎小管玻璃小滴變性、皮膚肌肉出血及壞死、心包膜增厚等,眼睛周圍組織及眼窩處可見大量細胞外的細菌,亦有許多吞噬細胞中含大量的細菌。免疫組織化學染色結果顯示強、弱毒株感染虹鱒由鰓或腸道進入魚體後先分佈到脾臟,然後到肝臟及腎臟,到第三天所有臟器都可看到細菌,即發展成全身性感染,強毒株感染的虹鱒在感染後第24天還可在脾臟及頭腎看到細菌,弱毒株感染的虹鱒在感染後第18天還可在脾臟看到細菌,但在感染後第24天體內以不見有鏈球菌,而在強毒株感染的虹鱒體內菌量遠比弱毒株感染的虹鱒多。以虹鱒的巨噬細胞吞噬鏈球菌實驗方面,結果顯示,強毒株除了在含抗體及補體之虹鱒血清的情況下巨噬細胞中活的菌數會隨時間減少,在其他情況都會有增加的趨勢,而弱毒株在含抗體及補體之虹鱒血清的情況下巨噬細胞中活的菌數亦會隨時間減少,但其他情況則是微減或不變。將含巨噬細胞、白血球及部分紅血球之細胞懸浮液吞噬鏈球菌,進行穿透式電子顯微鏡的觀察,感染後90分鐘可見巨噬細胞除了有許多小型液胞,還有大型的液胞產生,各實驗組都可見吞噬泡有死掉的細菌外型變不規則,內部變空。
In order to realize the spreading routes of streptococci in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), we infected high-virulent strain ( R0726 ) and low-virulent strain ( RT-2 ) streptococci into rainbow trout fry experimentally, then isolated and stained immunohiatochemically streptococci at different time. The results showed that 2h postinfection, the streptococci were isolated from spleen of R0726 and RT-2 infected fry firstly. And 72h postinfection, streptococci could be isolated from all organs. According to the result of immunohistochemical staining, the streptococci get into fry by route of gill or gastrointestinal tract and spread to spleen, then liver and kidney, finally it developed systemic infection Besides, streptococci still could be isolated from spleen at 18d postinfection. The clinical signs of R0726 and RT-2 infected fry appeared suddenly at 3d postinfection and most serious from 3d to 6d, but clinical signs of fry infected with R0726 were more serious than those of RT-2 infected fry. The immunohistochemical findings showed that spreading routes of R0726 and RT-2 were similar. However, we found that the amount of R0726 in fry were much more than RT-2. Phagocytosed low-virulent strain ( RT-2 ) were killed whereas intracellular high-virulent strain ( R0726 ) seemed to survive within phagosomes of isolated macrophages of rainbow trout in the absence of anti-streptococci antibody and complement. Opsonisation of the streptococci was found to greatly enhance the killing activity of the rainbow trout macrophages.
摘要...................................................I
英文摘要...............................................II
目錄...................................................III
表目錄.................................................V
圖目錄.................................................VI
第一章前言..........................................1
第二章 文獻探討
第一節鏈球菌
一.歷史背景......................................3
二.鏈球菌的分類..................................4
三.培養特性及分離鑑定方法........................6
(一)生化性狀試驗..................................6
(二)基因鑑定方法..................................7
第二節魚類鏈球菌感染症
一. 臨床症狀與剖檢病變...........................8
二. 組織病理變化.................................9
三. 傳播途徑.....................................12
四. 流行病學.....................................13
五. 治療與防治...................................14
第三節鏈球菌之致病因子
一. 種別性.......................................16
二. 吞噬細胞內之存活能力.........................17
三. 鏈球菌之表面抗原與莢膜.......................18
四. 鏈球菌之外毒素...............................19
第三章材料與方法
實驗流程...............................................22
第一節材料
一. 鏈球菌菌株...................................23
二. 實驗動物.....................................23
三. 細菌培養基...................................24
四. 緩衝溶液及試液之配方.........................24
第二節方法
一. 兔抗鏈球菌血清製備...........................30
二. 酵素連結免疫吸附.............................30
三. 細菌細胞壁抗原之抽取.........................31
四. 蛋白質電泳分析...............................32
五. 西方轉漬法...................................33
六. 實驗感染虹鱒.................................33
七. 鏈球菌之分離.................................34
八. 免疫組織化學染色.............................34
九. 凝集試驗.....................................36
十. 巨噬細胞的分離...............................36
十一 吞噬試驗與細胞內存活試驗..........................37
十二 穿透式電子顯微鏡..................................38
十三 統計..............................................38
第四章 結果.........................................39
第五章 討論.........................................66
參考文獻...............................................78
附錄...................................................87
表目錄
表一 鏈球菌菌株之特徵..................................48
表二 強毒株R0726感染虹鱒之細菌分離結果.................52
表三 弱毒株RT-2感染虹鱒之細菌分離結果..................52
表四 免疫組織化學染色的結果............................55
表五 巨噬細胞吞噬試驗與細胞內存活試驗的結果............62
表六 以R0726進行細胞內存活試驗結果之柱狀圖.............62
表七 以RT-2進行細胞內存活試驗結果之柱狀圖..............63
表八 巨噬細胞吞噬試驗與細胞內存活試驗第一次實驗之結果..63
表九 巨噬細胞吞噬試驗與細胞內存活試驗第二次實驗之結果..64
表十 巨噬細胞吞噬試驗與細胞內存活試驗第三次實驗之結果..64
圖目錄
圖一 以兔抗R0726血清進行西方轉漬法的結果...............48
圖二 以兔抗112601血清進行西方轉漬法的結果..............49
圖三 以兔抗ATCC19433血清進行西方轉漬法的結果...........49
圖四 以兔抗R0726血清進行西方轉漬法的結果...............49
圖五 虹鱒呈現體色變黑、凸眼及眼睛出血..................50
圖六 嚴重凸眼及眼睛出血之虹鱒..........................50
圖七 鰭基部及腹部有出血斑、肛門腫大、腹部擴張之虹鱒....51
圖八 感染虹鱒之剖檢病變................................51
圖九 眼睛組織病變圖....................................53
圖十 肝臟組織病變圖....................................53
圖十一 後腎間質組織病變圖..............................53
圖十二 腦膜組織病變圖..................................53
圖十三 後腸漿膜層增厚..................................54
圖十四 腎小管上皮細胞嚴重玻璃小滴變性及空泡化..........54
圖十五 肌肉纖維變性壞死................................54
圖十六 肝臟組織病變圖..................................54
圖十七 皮膚組織壞死及炎症細胞浸潤......................55
圖十八 心臟組織病變圖..................................55
圖十九 二級鰓絲,免疫組織化學染色......................56
圖二十 腸道內容物有許多鏈球菌,免疫組織化學染色........56
圖二十一 胃黏膜下層中可見鏈球菌,免疫組織化學染色......56
圖二十二 脾臟組織,免疫組織化學染色....................56
圖二十三 肝臟組織,免疫組織化學染色....................57
圖二十四 腎臟間質組織細胞,免疫組織化學染色............57
圖二十五 眼窩,免疫組織化學染色........................57
圖二十六 肝臟,免疫組織化學染色........................57
圖二十七 脾臟,免疫組織化學染色........................58
圖二十八 腎臟,免疫組織化學染色........................58
圖二十九 腎臟間質組織,免疫組織化學染色................58
圖三十 鰓,免疫組織化學染色............................58
圖三十一 腸道,免疫組織化學染色........................59
圖三十二 幽門盲囊,免疫組織化學染色....................59
圖三十三 眼睛組織,免疫組織化學染色....................59
圖三十四 腦部,免疫組織化學染色........................59
圖三十五 肌肉組織,免疫組織化學染色....................60
圖三十六 皮膚病變處,免疫組織化學染色..................60
圖三十七 心包膜,免疫組織化學染色......................60
圖三十八 頭腎的網狀內皮細胞及吞噬細胞,B&B染色.........60
圖三十九 眼睛周圍浸潤之吞噬細胞,B&B染色...............61
圖四十 眼睛周圍,B&B染色...............................61
圖四十一 脾臟,B&B染色.................................61
圖四十二 穿透式電子顯微鏡樣材之Toluidine blue染色......65
圖四十三 巨噬細胞,穿透式電子顯微鏡....................65
圖四十四 巨噬細胞,穿透式電子顯微鏡....................65
林清龍,陳秀男,郭光雄,吳慶麗,丁雲源。1993。烏魚養殖期間病害之研究,農委會漁業特刊第四十六號魚病研究專輯 ( 13 ): 47-64
翁有助。1999。雲林、嘉義及台南地區水產養殖動物寄生蟲性與細菌性疾病之調查及其病原菌對數種抗菌劑之抗藥性研究。碩士論文。台北。台灣大學獸醫學研究所。
楊世宗。1998。由虹鱒分離出之鏈球菌株病原性探討。碩士論文。台北,台灣大學獸醫學研究所。
董明澄,陳石柱,蔡信雄。1985。台灣南部箱網養殖吳郭魚之練球菌感染。農委會漁業特刊第四號魚病研究專輯 ( 7 ): 95-105
劉榮標。1993。獸醫微生物學。pp. 255-281。第五版。藝軒出版社。台北。
鍾虎雲,郭光雄。1994。養殖牛蛙細菌性病害之研究。農委會漁業特刊第四十六號魚病研究專輯 ( 14 ): 51-68
Adams, A., Thompson, K.D., Morris, D., Farias, C., Chen, S.C. 1995. Development and use of monoclonal antibody probes for immunohistochemistry, ELISA and IFAT to detect bacterial and parasitic fish pathogens. Fish Shellfish Immunol 5: 537-547
Akhlaghi, M., Munday, B.L., Whittington, R.J. 1996. Comparison of passive and active immunization of fish against streptococcosis ( enterococcosis ) . J Fish Dis 19: 251-258
Al-Harbi, A.H. 1994. First isolation of Streptococcus sp. From hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus ) in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture. 128: 195-201
AlonsodeVelasco, E., Verheul, A.F.M., Verhoef, J., Snippe, H. 1995. Streptococcus pneumoniae: virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines. Microbiol Rev 59: 591-603
Aoki, T., Takami, K., Kitao, T. 1990. Drug resistance in a non-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. isolatrd from cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata .Dis Aquat Org 8: 171-177
Aoki, T., Takeshita, S., Kitao, T. 1983. Antibacterial action of chemo-therapeutics agents against non-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. isolated from cultured marine fish, yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish 49: 1673-1677
Bandin, I., Ellis, A.E., Barja, J.L., Secombes, C.J. 1993. Interaction between trout macrophages and Renibacterium salmoninarum in vitro. Fish Shellfish immunol 3: 25-33
Bandin, I., Rivas, C., Santos, Y., Secombes, C.J., Barja, J.L., Ellis, A.E. 1995. Effect of serum factors on survival of Renibacterium salmoninarum within rainbow trout macrophages. Dis Aquat Org 23: 221-227
Barham, W.T., Schoonbee, H., Smit, G.L. 1979. The occurrence of Ameronas and Streptococcus in rainbow trout, Salmogairdneri Richardson. J Fish Biol 15: 457-460
Baya, A.M., Lupiani, B., Hetrick, F.M., Roberson, B.S., Lukacovic, R., May, E., Poukish. 1990. Association of Streptococcus sp. with fish mortalities in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. J Fish Dis 13: 251-253
Blazer V.S. 1991. Piscine macrophage function and nutritional influences: a review. J Aquat Anim Health 3: 77-86
Blazer, V.S., Shoots, B., Waltaman, W.D. 1985. Pathology associated with Edwardsiella ictaluri in catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) and danio ( Danio devario ) . J Fish Biol 26: 167-176
Bodammer, J.E., Robohm, R.A. 1996. Ultrastructural observations on the phagocytic behavior of winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages in vivo. Dis Aquat Org 25: 197-208
Bowser, P.R., Wooster, G.A., Getechell, R.G. 1998. Streptococcus iniae infection of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in a recirculation production facility. J World Aquac Soc 29: 335-339
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248-254
Bragg RR, Broere JSE. 1986. Streptococcosis in rainbow trout in South Africa. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 6: 89-91
Brazeau, C., Gottschalk, M., Vincelette, S., Martineau-Doize, B. 1996. In vitro phagocytosis and survival of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 inside murine macrophages. Microbiology 142: 1231-1237
Bromage, E.S., Thomas, A., Owens, L. 1999. Streptococcus iniae, a bacterial infection in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Dis Aquat Org 36: 177-181
Bunch, E.C., Bejerano, I. 1997. The effect of environmental factors on the susceptibility of hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticuc × Oreochromis aureus to streptococcosis. Israeli J Aquacult ( Bamidgeh ) 49: 67-76
Carson, J., Gudkovs, N., Austin, B. 1993. Characteristics of an Enterococcus-like bacterium from Australia and South Africa, pathogenic for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, ( Walbaum ). J Fish Dis 16: 381-388
Carson, J., Statham, P. 1993. The inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an Enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Vet Microbiol 36: 253-259
Ceschia, G., Giorgetti, G., Giavenni, R., Sarti, M. 1992. A new problem for Italian trout farms: streptococcosis in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) . Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 12: 71-72
Chang, P.H., Plumb, J.A. 1996. Histopathology of experimental Streptococcus sp. Infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque). J Fish Dis 19: 235-241
Charland, N., Kobisch, M., Martineau-Doize, B., Jacques, M., Gottschalk, M. 1996. Role of capsular sialic acid in virulence and resistance to phagocytosis of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 14: 195-203
Chen, S.C., Adams, A., Thompson, K.D., Richards, R.H. 1998. Electron microscope studies of the in vitro phagocytosis of Mycobacterium spp. by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) head kidney macrophages. Dis Aquat Org 32: 99-110
Cheng, W. and Chen, J.C. 1998. Isolation and characterization of an Enterococcus-like bacterium causing muscule necrosis and mortality Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Taiwan. Dis Aquat Org.34: 93-101
Chung, H. Y., Kou, G.H. 1994. Evaluation of the microbial identification packaged kit systems for the routine diagnosis of common aquatic isolates-1. Diagnosis of nonfermentative bacteria. COA Fisheries Series No. 47., Reports on Fish Diseases Research 15: 69-79
Chung, H.Y. and Kou, G.H. 1985. Caracteristics of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from infected captive bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana ). COA Fisheries Series No. 10.,Reports on Fish Diseases Research 10: 145-157
Collins, M. D., Farrow, J.A.E., Philips, B.A., Kandaler, O. 1983. Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol 129:3427-3431
Collins, M.D., Farrow, J.A.E., Wallbanks, S., Willians, A.M. 1989. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence anaysis of Lactococci and related taxa. Description of Vagococci Fluvialis gen. nov. sp. nov. J Appl Bacteriol 67: 453-460
Congleton, J.L., Greenlee, A.R., Ristow, S.S. 1990. Isolation of leucocytes from the anterior kidney and spleen of rainbow trout in a self-generating density gradient. J Fish Biol 36: 575-585
Davidson, G.A., Ellis, A.E., Secombes, C.J. 1991. Cellular responses of leucocytes ioslated from the gut of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 14: 651-659
Domenech, A., Fernandez-Garayzabal, J.F., Pascual, C., Garcia, J.A., Cutuli, M.T., Moreno, M.A., Collin, M.D., Dominguez, L. 1996. Streptococcosis in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus ( L ) , associated with Streptococcus parauberis. J Fish Dis 19: 33-38
Domenech, A., Prieta, J., Fernandez-Garayzabal, J.F., Collin, M.D., Jones, D., Dominguez, L. 1993. Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for a close relationship between Lacterococcus garvieae and Enterococcus seriolicida. Microbiologia SEM 9: 63-68
Eldar, A., Bejerano, Y., Bercovier, H. 1994. Streptococcus shiloi and Streptococcus difficile: Two new Streptococcal species causing a meningoencephalitis in fish. Curr Microbiol 28: 139-143
Eldar, A., Bejerano, Y., Livoff, A., Horovitcz, A., Bercovier, H. 1995. Expermintal streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish. Vet Microbiol 43: 33-40
Eldar, A., Ghittino, C., Asanta, L., Bvozzetta, E., Goria, M. 1996. Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meninoencephalitis in fish. Curr Microbiol 32: 85-88
Eldar, A., Horovitez, A., Bercovier, H.1997. Development and efficacy of a vaccine against Streptococcus iniae infection in farmed rainbow trout. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 56: 175-183
Eldar, A., Perl, S., Frelier, P.F., Bercovier, H. 1999. Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus mortalities associated with Streptococcus iniae infection. Dis Aquat Org 36: 121-127
Eldar, A., Shapiro, O., Bejerano, Y., Bercovier, H. 1995. Vaccination with whole-cell vaccine and bacterial protein extract protects tilapia against Streptococcus difficile meningoencephalitis. Vaccines 13: 867-870
Elliott, J.A., Collins, M.D., Pigott, N.E., Facklam, R.R. 1991. Differentiation of Lacterococcus lactis and Lacterococcus garviea from human by comparison of whole-cell protein patteren. J Clin Microbiol 29: 2731-2734
Elliott, J.A., Facklam, R.R., Richter, C.B. 1990. Whole-cell protein patterns of non-hemolytic group B, type Ib, Streptococci isolated from humans, mice, cattle, frogs, and fish. J Clin Microbiol 28:628-630
Ellis, A.E. 1999. Immunity to bacteria in fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 9: 291-308
Evans, J.J., Shoemaker, C.A., Klesius, P.H. 2000. Experimental Streptococcus iniae infection of hybrid striped bass ( Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis ) and tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) by nares inoculation. Aquaculture 189: 197-210
Evensen, O., Lorenzen, E. 1996. An immunohistochemical study of Flexibacter psychrophilus infection in experimentally and naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Dis Aquat Org 25: 53-61
Ferguson, H.W., Morales, J.A., Ostland, V.E. 1994. Streptococcosis in aquarium fish. Dis Aquat Org 19:1-6
Foo, J.T., Ho, W.B., Lam, T.J. 1985. Mass mortality in Siganus Canaliculatus due to Streptococcus infection. Aquaculture 49: 185-195
Fryer, J.L. Lannan, C.N. Garces, L.H., Larenas, J.J. Smith, P.A. 1990. Isolation of rickettsia-like organism from diseased coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in Chile. Fish Pathol 25: 107-114
Garduno, R.A., Thornton, J.C., William, W.K. 1993. Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. Infect Immun 61: 3854-3862
Garduno, R.A., Thorton, J.C., Kay, W.W. 1993. Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. Infect Immun 61: 3854-3862
Ginsburg, I. 1972. Mechanisms of cell and tissue injury induced by group A streptococci: relation to poststreptococcal sequelae. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 126: 419-439
Gutenberger, S.K., Duimstra, J.R., Rohovec, J.S.,Fryer, J.L. 1997. Intracellular survival of Renibacterium salmoninarum in trout mononuclear phagocytes. Dis Aquat Org 28: 93-106
Hardie, L.J., Ellis, A.e., Secombes, C.J. 1996. In vitro activation of rainbow trout macrophages stimulates inhibition of Renibacterium salmoninarum growth concomitant with augmented generation of respiratory burst products. Dis Aquat Org 25: 175-183
Hoshina, T., Sano, T., Morimoto, Y. 1958. A streptococcus pathogenic to fish. J Tokyo Univ Fish 44: 57-68
Humphrey, J.D., Lancaster, C.E., Gudkovs, N., Copland, J.W. 1987. The disease status of Australian salmonids: bacteria and bacterial diseases. J Fish Dis 10: 403-410
Ishibashi, Y., Arai, T. 1996. A possible mechanism for host-specific pathpgenesis of Salmonella serovars. Microb Pathog 21: 435-446
Kemenade, V.V., Groeneveld, A., Vanrens, B., Rombout, J. 1994. Characterization of macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes from the pronephros of carp (Cyprinus Carpio). J Exp Biol 187: 143-158
Kim, Y.G., Lee, K.K. 1994. Isolation characterization and pathogenicity of a Streptococcus strain flounder Paralicthys olivaceus cultured in Korea. Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 14: 8-11
Kimura, H., Kusuda, K. 1979. Studies on the pathogenesis of streptococcal infection in cultured yellowtail, Seriola spp.: Effect of the cell free culture on experimental streptococcal infection. J Fish Dis 2: 501-510
Kimura, H., Kusuda, K. 1982. Studies on the pathogenesis of streptococcal infection in cultured yellowtail, Seriola spp.: Effect of crude exotoxin fractions from cell-free culture on experimental streptococcal infection. J Fish Dis 5: 471-478
Kitao, T. 1993. Streptococcal infections. In: Inglis, V., Roberts, R.J., Bromage, N.R., ed. Bacterial diseases of fish. New York, John Wiley and Sons Inc, pp.196-215
Kitao, T., Aoki, T., Iwata, K. 1979. Epidemiological study on streptococcosis of cultured yellowtaul ( Seriola quinqueradiata ) I: Distribution of Streptococcus sp. in seawater and muds around yellowtail farms. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 45: 567-572
Kitao, T., Aoki, T., Sakoh, R. 1981. Epizootic caused by b-haemolytic Streptococcus species in cultured freshwater fish. Fish Path 15: 301-307
Klesius, P.H., Shoemaker, C.A., Evans, J.J. 2000. Efficacy of single and combined Streptococcus iniae isolate vaccine administered by intraperitoneal and intramuscular routes in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) . Aquaculture 188: 237-246
Koneman, E.W., Allen, S.D., Janda W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C. and Winn, W.C. 1992. Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. 4th ed. J.B. Lippincott Company press, Philadelphia.
Kusuda, R. and Komatsu, I. 1978. A comparative study of fish pathogenic
streptococcus isolated from saltwater and freshwater fishes. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 44: 1073-1078
Kusuda, R., Hamaguchi, M. 1988. Extracellular and intracellular toxins of Streptococcus sp. isolated from yellowtail. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 8: 9-10
Kusuda, R., Kawai, K. 1982. Characteristics of Streptococcus sp. pathogenic to yellowtail. Fish Pathol 17: 11-16
Kusuda, R., Kawai, K., Salati, F., Banner, C.R., Fryer, J.L. 1991. Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41: 406-409
Kusuda, R., Kawai, K., Toyoshima, T., Komatsu, I. 1976. A new pathogenic bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus isolated from an epizootic of cultured yellowtail. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 42: 1345-1352
Kusuda, R., Takemaru, I, 1987. Efficacy of josamycin against experimental streptococcal infection in cultured yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53: 1519-1523
Lancefield, R.C. 1933. A serological differentiation of human and other groups of beta-hemolytic streptococci. J Exp Med 57: 571-595
McCarty, M. 1983. Streptococci in Davis, B.D., Dulbecco, R., Eisen, H.N., Ginsberg,
H.S., Wood, W.B., McCarty, M.: Microbiology 3rd, Harprt and Row Publishers, pp.607-622
Minami, T. 1979. Streptococcus sp. pathogenic to cultured yellowtail, isolated from fishes for diets. Fish Pathol 14: 15-19
Miyazaki, T., Saburoh, S.K., Kaige, N., Miyashita, T. 1984. A histopathological study of streptococcal disease in tilapia. Fish Path 19: 167-172
Nieto, J.M., Devesa, S., Quiroga, I., Toranzo, A.E. 1995. Pathology of Enterococcus sp. infection in framed turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L. J Fish Dis 18: 21-30
Palacios, G.C., Eskew, E.K., Solorzano, F., Mattingly, S.J. 1997. Decreased capacity for type-specific-antigen synthesis accounts for high prevalence of nontypeable strains of group B streptococci in Mexico. J Clin Microbiol 35: 2923-2926
Perera, R.P. 1998. Histopathology of hybrid tilapias infected with a biotype of Streptococcus iniae. J Aquat Anim Health 10: 294-299
Perera, R.P., Johnson, S.K., Collins, M.D., Lewis, D.H. 1994. Streptococcus iniae associated with mortality of Tilapia nilotica × T. aurea hybrids. J Aquat Anim Health 6: 335-340
Perera, R.P., Johnson, S.K., Lewis, D.H. 1997. Epizootiological aspects of Streptpcpccus iniae affecting tilapia in Texas. Aquaculture 152: 25-33
Plumb, J.A., Schachte, J.H., Gaines, J.L., Peltier, W., Carroll, B. 1974. Streptococcus sp. From marine fishes along the Alabama and northwest Florida coast of the gulf of Mexico. Transac of the Amer Fish Soc 103: 358-361
Press, C.M., Evensen, O. 1999. The morphology of the immune system in teleost fishes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 9: 309-318
Rasheed, V., Limsuwan, C., Plumb, J.A. 1985. Histopathology of bullminnows, Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard, infected with a non-haemolytic group B Streptococcus sp. J Fish Dis 8: 65-74
Rasheed, V., Plumb, J.A. 1984. Pathogenicity of non-hemolytic group B Streptococcus sp. in Gulf Killifish ( Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard ). Aquaculture 37: 97-105
Roberson, B.S. 1990. Bacterial agglutination. In: Stolen, J.S., Fletcher, T.C., Anderson, D.P., Roberson, B.S., Muiswinkel, W.B. (ed). Techniques in Fish Immunology. SOS Publications, Fair Haven, NJ, pp. 81-86
Robinson, J.A. and Meyer, F.P. 1966. Streptococcal fish pathogen. J Bacteriol 92: 512
Romalde, J.L., Magarinos, B., Nunez, S., Barja, J.L., Toranzo, A.E. 1996. Host range susceptibility of Enterococcus sp. strains isolated from diseased turbot: possible routes of infection. Appl Environ Microbiol 62: 607-611
Romalde, J.L., Magarinos, B., Toranzo, A.E. 1999. Prevention of streptococcosis in turbot by intraperitoneal vaccination: a review. J Appl Ichthyol 15: 153-158
Romalde, J.L., Silva, R., Riaza, A., Toranzo, A.E. 1996. Long-lasting protection against turbot streptococcosis obtained with a toxoid-enriched bacterin. Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 16: 169-171
Sano, T. and Fukuda, H. 1987. Principal microbial diseases of mariculture in Japan. Aquaculture 67: 59-69
Schmidtke, L.M., Carson, J. 1994. Characterization taxonomy and phylogenetic position of lactic acid bacterial. Biochem 70: 317-324
Segura, M.A., Cleroux, P., Gottschalk, M. 1998. Streptococcus suis and group B Streptococcus differ in their interactions with murine macrophages. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 21: 189-195
Shoemaker, C.A., Evans, J.J, Klesius P.H. 2000. Density and dose: affecting mortality of Streptococcus iniae infected tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) . Aquaculture 188: 229-235
Stofferegen, D.A., Backman, S.C., Perham, R.E., Bowser, P.R., Babish, J.G. 1996. Initial disease report of Streptococcus iniae infection Hybrid Striped ( Sunshine ) bass and successful therapeutic intervention with the fluoroquinolone qntibacterial enrofloxacin. J World Aquac Soci 27: 420-434
Takumi, K., Nagao, S., Takeoka, A. 1991. Demonstration and characterization of the cell wall carbohydrate and protein antigens from Clostridium botulinum type E saroma. Microbiol Immunol 35: 27-37
Takumi, K., Takeoka, A., Kawata, T. 1983. Purification and characterization of a wall protein antigen from Clostridium botulinum type A. Infect Immun 39: 1346-1353
Teixeria, L.M., Merquior, V.L.C., Vianni, W.C.E., Carvalho, M.G.S., Fracalanzza, A.G., Steigerwalt, A.G., Brenner, D.J., Facklam, R.R. 1996. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical Lactococcus garvieae strains isolates from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis and confirmation of L. garvieae as a senior subjective synonym of Enterococcus seriolicida. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46: 664-668
Toba, H., Crawford, J.T., Ellner, J.J. 1989 Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium for human monocytes: Absence of macrophage-activating factor activity of gamma interferon. Infect Immun 57: 239-244
Toranzo, A., Devesa, S., Romalde, J., Lanas, J., Riaza, A., Leiro, L., Barja, J. 1995. Efficacy of intraperitoneal and immersion vaccination against Enterococcus sp. infection in turbot. Aquaculture 134: 17-27
Toranzo, A.E., Devesa, S., Heinen, P., Riaza, A., Nunze S., Barja, J.L. 1994. Streptococcosis in cultured turbot caused by an Enterococcus-like bacterium. Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol 14: 19-23
Tung, M.C., Chen, S.C., and Tsai, S.S. 1985. General septicemia of streptococcal infection in cage-cultured Tilapia Mossambica, in southern Taiwan. COA Fisheries Series No. 10., Reports on Fish Diseases Research 10: 187-197
Valentin-Weigand, P., Benkel, P., Rohde, M., Chhatwal, G.S. 1996. Entry and intracellular survival of group B streptococci in J774 macrophages. Infect Immun 64: 2467-2473
Williams, A.E. 1990. Relationship between intracellular survival in macrophages and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates. Microb Pathog 8: 189-196
Yoshida, T., Eshima, T., Wada, Y., Yamada, Y., Kakizaki, E., Sakai, M., Kitao, T., Inglis, V. 1996a. Phenotypic variation associated with an anti- phagocytic factor in the bacterial fish pathogen, Enterococcus seriolicida. Dis Aquat Org 25:81-86
Yoshida, T., Yamada, Y., Sakai, M., Inglis, V., Xie, X.J., Chen, S.C., Kruger, R. 1996b. Association of the cell capsule with anti-opsonophagocytosis in b-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. isolated from rainbow trout. J Aquat Anim Health 8: 223-228
Zlotkin, A., Hershko, H., Eldar, A. 1998. Possible transmission of Streptococcus iniae from wild fish to cultured marine fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 4065-4067
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
無相關期刊