臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是自行嘗試建立一套完整的高速PIV系統，藉以掌握PIV系統於流場的適用性。然後將此套儀器與軟體應用於噴流與引擎缸內流場的動態速度場量測上，以驗證並熟稔PIV系統的使用技術。PIV系統的發展可分為四大階段：
第一階段：對PIV系統以及基本組成作初步的探討與認識。
第二階段：熟悉閃頻雷射、CCD攝影機、影像擷取卡及其軟體，瞭解各部品的觸發方式、控制時序與操作方法。
第三階段：依據各部品的特徵性能來設計出同步控制器，藉以連結而完成PIV硬體系統。
第四階段：瞭解質點影像統計相關分析方法並自行設計一套PIV軟體來處理分析流場的結構。
最簡單的驗證對象是10 m/s與50 m/s的噴流瞬間全域流場。以此應用例來磨勵PIV技術中雷射光的時序、光度與質點的大小、疏密這兩者重要的控制技巧與熟悉PIV軟體的操作與分析。再以此量測經驗，將PIV系統成熟地對引擎汽缸內非均勻且隨時間變化之整體流場結構進行定量分析。較複雜而困難的驗證對象是引擎缸內流場的量測，希望能將所發展出來的PIV系統應用在探討汽缸內氣流的swirl與tumble運動上。由於困難度高，此一驗證需要更進一步的努力。

Many flow visualization techniques have been extensively employed to study the steady and dynamic flow structures. Traditionally, most of the flow visualization methods are "qualitative" approaches to observe the physical phenomena in the flows. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is in effect a "quantitative" flow visualization technique. It is an optical method for flow diagnostics that has been applied to many important flow problems. After four decades of development by investigators, PIV has proceeds from its infant stage to modern high-speed version, and has been commercialized approximately ten years ago. By PIV, the instantaneous flow velocity can be measured at many points in a cross section of the flow with accuracy and resolution approaching to hot-wire anemometer (HWA) and laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) techniques, allowing the determination of spatial derivatives and spatial correlations of the velocity. The capability of providing high-resolution measurements is unique to PIV and is one of the reasons for the current interest in this technique. The cost, however, is pretty high for most of the local investigators and industries in Taiwan. The present study attempts to develop a low-cost high-speed PIV system by digital image processing and optical techniques. The hardware development includes the assembly, matching, and synchronization of the double-pulse lasers, camera, and timing machine. The software employs an existing cross-correlation technique to convert the double-exposed images of particles to velocity vectors and proceeds further with a set of home-made post-processing computer programs to obtain good quality data. The developed PIV system is applied to the measurements of the flow fields in a circular jet and a transparent cylinder of a four-stroke motorcycle engine. The development and application techniques of the PIV system are detailedly described and discussed in this thesis.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………ii
致謝…………………………………………………………………iii
目錄…………………………………………………………………iv
符號索引……………………………………………………………vi
表圖目錄……………………………………………………………viii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………………1
1.2 PIV系統介紹…………………………………………2
第二章 PIV系統硬體發展…………………………………………8
2.1 硬體整合系統概述……………………………………8
2.2 硬體次系統……………………………………………9
2.2.1 成像系統……………………………………………9
2.2.2 影像擷取系統………………………………………17
2.2.3 同步控制器…………………………………………22
第三章 PIV系統軟體發展…………………………………………27
3.1 質點影像相關分析軟體………………………………..27
3.2 後處理軟體……………………………………………..28
3.2.1 速度及渦度計算……………………………………29
3.2.2 刪除錯誤的質點……………………………………29
3.2.3 空間濾波……………………………………………30
3.2.4 內差計算……………………………………………30
3.2.5 資料回復……………………………………………31
第四章 噴流流場的應用例…………………………………………32
4.1 背景說明………………………………………………32
4.2 實驗設備………………………………………………33
4.2.1 噴嘴…………………………………………………33
4.2.2 煙霧微粒產生器……………………………………33
4.3 實驗儀器………………………………………………35
4.3.1 壓力轉換器…………………………………………35
4.3.2 Malvern測徑儀……………………………………35
4.4 結果與討論……………………………………………36
4.5 有效量測速度範圍的估算……………………………40
第五章 引擎缸內流場的應用例……………………………………42
5.1 背景說明………………………………………………42
5.2 實驗設備………………………………………………48
5.2.1 引擎…………………………………………………48
5.2.2 傳動系統……………………………………………50
5.2.3 潤滑油路系統………………………………………50
5.2.4 編碼器………………………………………………51
5.2.5 產煙器………………………………………………52
5.3 結果與討論……………………………………………52
第六章 結論與建議…………………………………………………54
參考文獻……………………………………………………………57
附錄一………………………………………………………………60
附錄二………………………………………………………………62
作者簡介……………………………………………………………115

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