摘要
近年來關於廠商參與各種類型合作關係的研究，逐漸受到國內外研究者及實務界之重視。在科技不斷創新、環境高度不確定、競爭日趨激烈的情形下，跨組織合作策略成為企業決策者的另一策略選擇。本研究主要探討國內自行車產業中不同的跨組織合作類型，並分析不同的跨組織合作類型對於合作夥伴認知程度、雙方資源滲透度以及對跨組織合作績效之影響關係，採實證方式來驗證理論觀點。
本研究藉由文獻的整理建構初步的理論架構，更進一步經由八個案實務分析，包括採購、業務及研發三個單位，加以修正，將跨組織合作關係依相互依賴性、相互學習性、資源互補性等三構面分成二類，即多重型與資源互補型，並探討不同類型在夥伴認知程度、資源滲透度以及跨組織合作績效三者間之影響關係。
本研究採個案蒐集與問卷調查方式，針對33家整車生產廠，分析單位為「關係」，共發放142份問卷，回收有效樣本138份，回卷率為97.18%，經因素分析、二階段集群分析、變異數分析以及LISREL檢定，實證結果發現如下：
1.當合作成員對合作夥伴認知程度愈高，則其跨組織合作績效亦相對提高。
2.跨組織合作關係的資源滲透度愈高，其跨組織合作績效愈高。
3.夥伴認知程度與資源滲透度的影響關係並不顯著。
4.跨組織合作類型中，多重型之「資源滲透度」高於資源互補型。
5.跨組織合作類型中，多重型之「跨組織合作績效」高於資源互補型。
6.多重型與資源互補型的「夥伴認知程度」沒有顯著差異。
7.資源互補型其夥伴認知程度與跨組織合作績效間的估計值高於多重型。
8.多重型其資源滲透度與跨組織合作績效之間的估計值高於資源互補型。
9.多重型與資源互補型，其夥伴認知程度與資源滲透度之間均無顯著相關。
關鍵字：跨組織合作、夥伴認知、資源滲透度、合作績效

ABSTRACT
Recently, the study that firms join all kinds of interorganizational collaboration relationships has been an important topic for both academic research and business practice. interorganizational collaboration strategy has become an alternative for decision makers to cope with technological innovation, environmental uncertainty and dramatic competition. This empirical study explores different types of interorganizational collaboration in bicycle industry in Taiwan, and analyzes the relationships among different types of interorganizational collaboration, cognition of partners, resource permeability and cooperative performance.
This study constructs an original theoretical framework by reviewing literature, and further, modifies it by qualitative method. There are 8 cases, including purchasing, marketing and R&D departments. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among different types of interorganizational collaboration, cognition of partners, resource permeability and cooperative performance in bicycle industry in Taiwan. Classified by three characteristics of interorganizational relationships：interdependent, learning and resource complementary. Divided into two types：”multi-characteristics oriented ”type and “resource complementary oriented” type.
Analysis unit is not by each organization but by each tie. Derived from 33 bicycle firms, 142 interorganizational samples were surveyed by questionaries, of which 138 were valid, and the response rate is 97.18%. Factor analysis, two-stage clustering, MONOVA and LISREL were used to examine the hypotheses, demonstrating several findings as follow：
1.In the interorganizational collaboration , the higher the extent to which cognition of partners, the higher cooperative performance generated.
2.The higher the extent to which resource permeability, the higher cooperative performance generated.
3.There exists no significant correlation between cognition of partners and resource permeability.
4.In the types of interorganizational collaboration, resource permeability in “multi- characteristics oriented ” type is higher than that in “resource complementary oriented” type.
5.In the types of interorganizational collaboration, cooperative performance in “multi-characteristics oriented” type is higher than that in “resource complementary oriented” type.
6.There exists no significant difference between cognition of partners in “multi-characteristics oriented” type and that in “resource complementary oriented” type.
7.Cognition of partners and cooperative performance in “multi-characteristics oriented ” type is higher than those in “resource complementary oriented” type.
8.Resource permeability and cooperative performance in “resource complementary oriented” type are higher than those in “multi-characteristics oriented” type.
9.The correlation between cognition of partners and resource permeability is not significantly varied with different types of interorganizational collaboration.
Key words: interorganizational collaboration、cognition of partners、resource permeability、cooperative performance

目　錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究背景1
第二節 研究目的與問題4
第三節 研究流程與論文結構6
第二章 文獻探討8
第一節 跨組織合作關係的定義8
第二節 跨組織合作關係理論基礎14
第三節 跨組織合作類型19
第四節 夥伴認知程度37
第五節 資源滲透度44
第六節 跨組織合作績效47
第七節 跨組織合作關係特性、夥伴認知程度、
資源滲透度與跨組織合作績效52
第八節 文獻探討意涵55
第三章 個案研究58
第一節 個案研究方法58
第二節 個案說明60
第三節 個案比較分析77
第四章 研究方法91
第一節 研究架構91
第二節 研究假設93
第三節 操作型變數定義98
第四節 研究對象與樣本103
第五節 問卷設計與資料蒐集104
第六節 資料分析方法105
第七節 問卷信度與效度檢定107
第五章 實證研究結果分析109
第一節 樣本基本資料分析109
第二節 各構面之因素及變數分析111
第三節 跨組織合作類型分群117
第四節 研究假設檢定結果121
第五節 討論128
第六章 研究結論與建議133
第一節 研究結論133
第二節 理論與實務意涵135
第三節 研究限制與建議138
附錄139
參考書目146
表目錄
表2-1跨組織關係定義12
表2-2相關研究者對跨組織合作關係類型的整理24
表2-3跨組織之間合作關係模式31
表2-4研究者對信任之定義整理表37
表2-5相關研究者對績效衡量的整理50
表3-1合作個案訪談廠商及其合作對象基本資料整理表60
表3-2跨組織合作關係特性比較表77
表3-3夥伴認知程度、資源滲透度與合作績效比較表81
表3-4個案綜合比較分析85
表4-1 LISREL模型之隱藏變數與顯現變數彙整表102
表4-2本研究問卷各構面信度表107
表5-1本研究樣本基本資料110
表5-2各構面之因素分析適合度表111
表5-3跨組織合作關係特性因素分析結果113
表5-4夥伴認知程度因素分析結果114
表5-5資源滲透度因素分析結果115
表5-6跨組織合作績效因素分析結果116
表5-7華德法階層集群分析凝聚係數117
表5-8跨組織合作類型之正確區別率118
表5-9跨組織合作類型群組對整體因素
之單因子多變量變異數分析119
表5-10不同集群在跨組織合作類型之差異分析119
表5-11 LISREL整體模型適合度指標值122
表5-12不同跨組織合作類型集群在各構念之差異分析123
表5-13 LISREL適合度指標值125
表5-14多重型與資源互補型跨組織合作關係
結構模型之估計值比較127
表5-15個案分析結果與實證結果之比較132
表6-1研究假設檢定結果彙總表134
圖目錄
圖2-1相互依賴關係31
圖4-1本研究之研究架構92
圖4-2研究假設1、2、3示意圖94
圖4-3研究假設4、5、6示意圖96
圖4-4研究假設7、8、9示意圖97
圖5-1整體結構模型之檢定120
圖5-2多重型跨組織合作類型結構模型之檢定125
圖5-3資源互補型跨組織合作關係結構模型之檢定126

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（III）Conference Papers
Jao, I.Y., “The International — Learning Effects in Cross-border Manufacturing Alliances,” The First International Management Conference, National Chi-Nan University, Puli., 1997.
Zaheer, A., Lofstrom, S. , and George, V., "Adjuvant or Catalyst？Unpacking Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust in Biotechnology Alliances,” Academy of Management Meeting, San Diego, 1998.