臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來世界貿易組織在國際貿易中逐漸扮演重要的角色，開發中國家參與的情形不斷增加，相較於已開發國家，開發中國家在世界貿易組織的參與比例已佔多數。因此，若要有效的運作此機制，關切開發中國家的權益有其必要性。
本文旨在經由開發中國家參與世界貿易的歷史過程，瞭解開發中國家過去在國際貿易運作中與已開發國家之間的互動關係，其後就世界貿易組織爭端解決機制之改革前後，分析開發中國家是否獲得實質性的利益，以及分析開發中國家所提出的看法是否在世界貿易組織的運作中真正被落實，文中特別就爭端解決機制賦予開發中國家之特殊及差別待遇的部份加以評析，以瞭解就條款的內容與體制實質運作上是否產生落差。
個案評析的部份為三個案，其中包括歐體香蕉案、印美數量限制措施案及印美藥品及農藥品專利保護權案，此三個案的爭端當事國皆包含開發中國家及已開發國家，其中經由個案背景、小組報告及上訴機構報告的內容中，分析開發中國家在國際貿易運作中所扮演的角色，特別就世界貿易組織邁向制度化的同時，是否顧及開發中國家在世界貿易運作中的弱勢角色進行瞭解，以及經由小組報告及上訴機構報告之分析，針對爭端解決機制條款中有關特殊及差別待遇的部份加以評析，以評估開發中國家之利益是否被加以考量，以及開發中國家對此制度的批評與期望，最後並根據此個案之評析，提出增進開發中國家參與意願之改革方式，以期為開發中國家就世界貿易體制運作之參與提出更為有效的解決之道。

目 錄
第一章 緒論 4
第一節 研究動機 5
第二節 研究方法 7
第三節 論文架構 8
第二章 開發中國家與WTO之關係 10
第一節 開發中國家參與GATT/WTO 10
一、 開發中國家分類 10
二、 GATT/WTO開發中國家之成員 11
第二節 開發中國家與特殊及差別待遇條款 12
一、 特殊及差別待遇之概念及沿革 12
二、 WTO之特殊及差別待遇條款 18
第三節 開發中國家與WTO相關貿易協定 22
一、 開發中國家與農業協定 22
二、 開發中國家與紡織品與成衣協定 25
三、 開發中國家與服務貿易協定 29
四、 開發中國家與動植物衛生檢疫措施協定 33
五、 開發中國家與技術性貿易障礙協定 37
六、 開發中國家與關稅估價協定 41
七、 開發中國家與智慧財產權協定 46
第三章 GATT/WTO爭端解決程序 49
第一節 GATT爭端解決程序 49
第二節 GATT爭端解決程序的發展過程 50
一、程序要件 50
二、GATT爭端體系隱含之缺失 54
第三節 烏拉圭回合談判爭端解決程序之變革 57
一、從政治外交導向轉為法律規則導向 57
二、建立單一架構之爭端解決體系 57
三、爭端案件的適用範圍 57
四、爭端解決機構 58
第四節 WTO爭端解決程序 59
一、雙邊諮商 59
二、斡旋、調停與調解 59
三、爭端解決小組程序 59
四、上訴機構程序 61
第四章 開發中國家與GATT/WTO爭端解決程序 71
第一節 開發中國家參與GATT爭端解決程序 71
一、開發中國家對GATT爭端解決程序之關切事項 71
二、開發中國家東京回合前之關切重點 73
三、開發中國家東京回合後之關切重點 75
四、開發中國家參與GATT爭端解決程序之情況 79
第二節 開發中國家參與WTO爭端解決程序 81
一、 WTO爭端解決程序之改革 81
二、 爭端解決程序瞭解書之差別待遇條款 86
三、 開發中國家參與WTO爭端解決程序之情況 90
第五章 貿易爭端個案分析 94
第一節 歐體香蕉案 95
一、 第一次歐體香蕉案 97
(一) 爭端背景 97
(二) 小組報告 98
二、 第二次歐體香蕉案 98
(一) 爭端背景 98
(二) 小組報告 100
三、 第三次歐體香蕉案 100
(一) 爭端背景 100
(二) 小組報告 101
(三) 上訴機構報告 104
四、 個案評析 105
第二節 印美數量限制措施案 109
一、爭端背景 110
二、小組報告 112
三、上訴機構報告 112
四、個案評析 114
第三節 印美藥品及農藥品專利保護權案 116
一、爭端背景 116
二、小組報告 117
三、上訴機構報告 117
四、個案評析 118
第六章 結論 119
參考文獻 124

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