臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在產品的生命週期中，所產生的各項執行結果及編譯資料都是構成完整產品資料的要素。一般說來，產品的開發週期可以分作五個主要部分：設、購、產、銷、務，產品開發週期若能縮短，此項產品在市場上的競爭力可以大為增加並且可減低產品的生產成本，此結果對於一個產品是否開發成功有著決定性的影響。而縮短產品開發週期的最佳途徑惟有寄望同步工程，同步工程所帶來的效益不僅讓企業更有效率，同時也將減低成本支出。一套合適於設計及製造相關領域的產品知識庫管理系統，可以增加開發週期之效率、減低企業的開發成本、縮短產品的開發階段。目前產品資料管理的趨勢中，資訊流自動化是產業界努力的目標。資訊流自動化所帶來的經濟效益是相當可觀的，從另一個角度看來，資訊的充分運用是資訊流自動化的一項基本效益，PKMS (Product Knowledge Management System)便是企業資訊自動化的具體表現。
在台灣的中小企業，常因資金不足而導致企業資訊處理系統開發混亂。對於此種企業生態，本研究針對產品資訊流的規劃及PKM(Product Knowledge Management)系統開發兩個角度切入解決這些問題。因此PKMS將針對下列各項因素做考量：1.產品資料的合併與分解；2.平行於產品週期的資訊流管理；3.以訂單為主的資訊流規劃；4.圖形化的流程規劃。並將針對中小企業的產業特性及資金成本考量，採用下列方式來整合開發出企業資訊系統。在本論文中將針對PKMS的架構規劃，且針對PKMS最基本且最重要的資訊流架構作分析及驗證。一般產品資料管理 (PDM, Product Data Management)著重點在於圖檔資料的整理，但以一個完整之企業流程而言，絕非只有R&D部門之資料需受重視，而是需要將各部門之資訊完善的整合後才可提供企業體質一改善之途徑。有人說：凡人皆具有惰性，若企業中藏有經營死角，則在此部份之企業資源勢必形成浪費，企業資訊自動化後，可見的利益便在於一些資訊統計數據可使企業營運更加透明化，企業經營者可更易於掌控企業內部。

All the execution results and compiling data that are generated in the product life cycle consist of the entire product data structure. Generally, a product life cycle can be divided into five stages: Design, Procurement, Production, Sales and Service. If we make the product life cycle shorter, then the competitiveness of the product is enhanced and production cost will be largely reduced. The result has great influence on the success of product development. The concurrent engineering, the better solution of product development, bring the efficiency and reduce the total cost for the enterprise. A product knowledge management system plays the role of reducing the cost, increasing the efficiency and shortening the product development cycle. In the trend of product data management, the automation of information flow that brings the huge economic benefit is the common target for the industries. On the other hand, to thoroughly make use of product information benefited by automation; the development of PKMS (Product Knowledge Management System) is the concrete implementation of the automation of enterprise information.
In Taiwan, the small-and-medium companies (SMC) face the problem of insufficient funds that cause the chaos of developing information system. This research focuses on the product information flow planning and product knowledge management to solve the major problem in SMC. Therefore, the PKMS will be concerned about the factors listed as follows: (1) the product data integration and decomposition; (2) the concurrence of information management and the product life cycle; (3) Using the product order information as the main information flow; (4) the graphic representation of flow planning. The attributes and budget limitation of SMC will be particularly considered in this research. Generally, Product Data Management merely focuses on the graphic drawing data arrangement. However, in terms of complete enterprise information planning, information generated from other departments should also be combined with these graphic data. The PKMS proposed in this thesis then aims of providing the structure and procedures of integrating information throughout the product development cycle.

目 錄
摘要--------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
致謝--------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
目錄--------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------Ⅷ
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------Ⅹ
1.緒論 --------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1研究動機 ------------------------------------------------------1
1.2研究目的 ------------------------------------------------------2
1.3研究方法步驟 --------------------------------------------------3
2.相關研究----------------------------------------------------------5
2.1產品資料管理系統 ----------------------------------------------5
2.2 DFX與Concurrent Engineering ----------------------------------7
2.3知識管理 ------------------------------------------------------9
2.4企業電子化 --------------------------------------------------10
2.4.1企業外部環境----------------------------------------------10
2.4.2企業內部環境----------------------------------------------11
2.5系統軟體發展趨勢----------------------------------------------12
2.5.1 Web-based的趨勢------------------------------------------12
2.5.2元件開發與三層式架構系統----------------------------------13
2.6結構化系統分析--------------------------------------------------14
2.6.1本質模式--------------------------------------------------16
2.6.2環境模式--------------------------------------------------17
2.6.3行為模式--------------------------------------------------17
2.6.4實施模式--------------------------------------------------18
2.7小結----------------------------------------------------------18
3.工業設計之轉變與需求----------------------------------------------20
3.1設計程序------------------------------------------------------20
3.1.1傳統的設計程序----------------------------------------------20
3.1.2整合CAD的設計程序 ─ 半自動的設計程序----------------------20
3.1.3設計資料的編譯及轉換 ─ 全自動化的設計程序------------------21
3.2設計中導入電子商務後的轉變--------------------------------------21
3.3同步工程與PDM系統導入設計後的轉變------------------------------22
3.4設計自動化之需求----------------------------------------------23
3.4.1設計需求--------------------------------------------------23
市場需求--------------------------------------------------24
策略需求--------------------------------------------------24
功能需求--------------------------------------------------24
預測需求--------------------------------------------------25
3.4.2設計參考--------------------------------------------------25
設計修改--------------------------------------------------25
創新設計--------------------------------------------------26
3.4.3設計建議--------------------------------------------------26
同步工程概念----------------------------------------------27
綠色設計考量----------------------------------------------27
3.4.4設計審核--------------------------------------------------28
3.5小結----------------------------------------------------------28
4.產品知識定義------------------------------------------------------29
4.1產品知識範圍--------------------------------------------------29
4.2產品知識組成型態----------------------------------------------30
4.3產品知識之儲存--------------------------------------------------32
4.4兩岸間知識傳遞的困難點------------------------------------------33
4.4.1 硬體上資訊傳遞的障礙--------------------------------------33
4.4.2 相異的企業架構與組織管理----------------------------------33
4.4.3 資訊系統架構----------------------------------------------34
4.4.4 資訊傳遞方法----------------------------------------------35
4.5產品知識表達法--------------------------------------------------39
4.5.1 基本定義--------------------------------------------------39
4.5.2 製造資訊表達與應用--------------------------------------41
4.6小結----------------------------------------------------------42
5.產品知識管理架構--------------------------------------------------43
5.1建議系統模組--------------------------------------------------44
5.2編譯系統模組--------------------------------------------------45
5.3回存系統模組--------------------------------------------------47
5.4發展性使用者介面----------------------------------------------49
5.4.1流程定義--------------------------------------------------50
5.4.2畫面定義--------------------------------------------------51
5.4.3元件定義--------------------------------------------------52
5.5產品知識保存策略----------------------------------------------52
5.6資訊流規劃管理--------------------------------------------------53
5.6.1主資訊流--------------------------------------------------53
5.6.2輔資訊流--------------------------------------------------54
5.7主動式資訊提供--------------------------------------------------55
5.7小結----------------------------------------------------------56
6.系統實作驗證------------------------------------------------------57
6.1 QFD-SAR (QFD-Based System Analysis Representation)簡介------57
6.1.1系統流程拆解定義------------------------------------------57
6.1.2執行畫面定義----------------------------------------------59
6.1.3資料關聯圖--------------------------------------------------63
6.1.4資料字典--------------------------------------------------65
6.2系統分析文件--------------------------------------------------67
6.2.1系統目的、概圖與事件條列----------------------------------67
6.2.2產品知識管理系統之資料流程圖------------------------------69
l發展性使用者介面--------------------------------------70
l產品編譯系統------------------------------------------71
l建議系統----------------------------------------------71
l產品資料回存系統--------------------------------------76
6.3資料關聯圖------------------------------------------------------79
6.4資訊表達法------------------------------------------------------80
6.5資料字典------------------------------------------------------85
6.5.1資料儲存定義----------------------------------------------85
6.5.2資料流定義--------------------------------------------------91
6.6小結----------------------------------------------------------95
7. 結論與未來發展--------------------------------------------------96
7.1說明----------------------------------------------------------96
7.2本論文已完成部分----------------------------------------------98
7.3本論文因限制未完成部分------------------------------------------98
7.4未來研究方向與可行性------------------------------------------99
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------100
附錄一--------------------------------------------------------------104
附錄二--------------------------------------------------------------115
附錄三--------------------------------------------------------------123
簡歷--------------------------------------------------------------128

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