形態發生為發育過程中，為因應組織及器官上之需要，而產生的細胞形狀、細胞極性及細胞數目的改變。目前，我們對形態發育的分子機制並不瞭解，過去的研究顯示，決定細胞極性的基因與細胞骨架蛋白在形態發生的過程中扮演很重要的角色。因此我們使用果蠅眼睛桿小體的形態發生作為模式，來探討細胞骨架蛋白Glued對桿小體形態發生的作用。桿小體為具有感光功能的微絨毛構造，聚集於感光細胞的頂部，感光細胞的頂部為一平滑膜構造，發育過程中微絨毛構造會聚集在頂部並形成桿小體。Glued蛋白為dynactin complex中一個次單位，與Arp1及其他許多次單位共同組成dynactin 複合體。過去研究顯示，dynactin可與cytoplasmic dynein作用而參與許多細胞內運輸及細胞骨架重組的功能。桿小體發育過程中，感光細胞會發生形狀改變，並有許多胞內運輸的作用，因此推論dynactin可能參與桿小體的形態發生。
本研究發現在30~40% 蛹期之間，阻礙Glued基因的正常功能會導致桿小體發育的異常，而在40% 蛹期以後Glued對桿小體的形態發生則沒有明顯的作用。因此，我們認為Glued對桿小體的發育有顯著的影響，不過這個影響只發生於特定的發育階段。此外，我們製作Arp1基因的基因轉殖果蠅，利用熱處理啟動子誘導轉殖Arp1基因的過度表現，藉此干擾正常Arp1基因的功能。實驗結果顯示過度表現轉殖Arp1基因對正常Arp1基因的功能並無影響，我們推測由於轉殖基因包含完整長度的Arp1基因，因此過度表現轉殖Arp1基因不會對正常Arp1基因的功能造成影響。

Morphogenesis is a developmental process that involves in change of cell shape or number of cell resulting in formation of a specific tissue or organ. Previous studies have shown that the cell polarity genes and cytoskeletons play a critical role in morphogenesis. However, the mechanism to regulate morphogenesis remains largely unknown. We used rhabdomere morphogenesis in Drosophila as a model to study the role of microtubule motor protein, Glued in mediating morphogenesis. Rhabdomere is photosensitive microvilli that localized on the apical surface of the photoreceptor. During early development, the photoreceptor apex is a smooth membrane structure. Gradually, the microvilli will be deposited on the apical surface and form the rhabdomere. During rhabdomere morphogenesis, massive vesicle transport and rearrangement of cytoskeletons occurs in photoreceptors. Cytoplasmic dynein is shown to participate in mediating vesicle transport. Thus, Glued, the largest subunit of dynactin complex may interact with cytoplasmic dynein to regulate rhabdomere morphogenesis.
In this research, we found Glued plays a critical role in mediating rhabdomere morphogenesis. Altering Glued’s activity by overexpression dominant negative Glued in transgenic fly disrupts normal rhabdomere morphogenesis at 30% to 40% of pupal development (pd). After 40% pd., Glued shows no significant effects in rhabdomere formation. In addition, transgenic flies that overexpress Arp1 showed no obviously eye phenotype suggesting overexpressed Arp1 may be not able to titrate the normal Arp1’s function.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………1
Abstract………………………………………………………………………2
前言……………………………………………………………………………3
一、形態發生…………………………………………………………………3
二、果蠅眼睛發育模式………………………………………………………4
三、Glued的研究……………………………………………………………6
四、Arp1的研究……………………………………………………………9
材料與方法…………………………………………………………………11
一、果蠅品系………………………………………………………………11
二、蛹期發育判斷及37℃熱誘導反應……………………………………11
三、穿透式電子顯微鏡法…………………………………………………12
四、Arp1基因轉殖果蠅的製作與觀察……………………………………13
結果…………………………………………………………………………17
一、正常果蠅w1118眼睛桿小體的發育…………………………………17
二、過度表現C端缺失之Glued基因對桿小體的影響……………………18
三、Arp1基因轉殖果蠅的製作與觀察……………………………………19
討論…………………………………………………………………………21
一、Glued在桿小體形態發生扮演的功能………………………………21
二、Arp1基因轉殖果蠅的觀察……………………………………………23
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………26
圖目…………………………………………………………………………32
個人資料……………………………………………………………………50

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