如何採行有效的存貨管理策略以滿足消費者持續變動與不固定性的需求，是供應鏈存貨管理的首要任務。在供應鏈的通路中，若零售商之間能夠在風險共擔(risk pooling)的共識下分享彼此的存貨資源，則可以減少供應鏈的銷售損失成本與存貨持有成本。此外，由日本豐田式即時生產(JIT)可知前置時間是可以控制與縮短，雖然縮短前置時間可以提高服務水準、降低缺貨率與存貨成本，但相對的必須付出額外的前置時間控制成本，因此必須取得一最佳的前置時間使供應鏈的總存貨成本最低。
本研究是在零售商策略合作下，建立供應鏈的最佳存貨管理模式。為了能從整體動態的角度探討供應鏈的存貨問題，本研究以系統模擬的技術建構供應鏈的物流架構與供應鏈成員的存貨策略，再以電腦模擬的方法模擬各種存貨決策。在進行供應鏈的電腦模擬時，本研究發現在供應鏈的通路體系中，某一成員決策的調整會影響供應鏈的利潤與行動，這證明了各成員的決策間實存在著密切與複雜的關係，若想達成供應鏈的最佳化必須考慮所有的決策變數。因此，本研究的最後將使用基因演算法(Genetic Algorithm , GA)進行供應鏈最佳存貨決策解與最佳前置時間解的搜尋，為供應鏈的存貨管理建構一個接近最佳化的決策。

One prominent task for Supply Chain inventory management is to meet consumers’ unstable demands. Two approaches are widely adopted for this purpose. First, it is to allow retailers to pool risk and share inventory with each other. Secondly, it is to shorten the lead-time by introducing additional resources. Both approaches improve the supply chain performance and incur extra costs.
In this thesis, a simulation-optimization approach is employed for risk pooling and lead-time shortening in the supply chain. Simulation is performed to study the dynamic behavior of the supply chain. Since decisions made by one facility would affect all other facilities in the supply chain, we utilize the genetic algorithm to find the optimal solutions for the supply chain. Performance evaluation is reported.

摘要i
Abstractii
誌謝iii
目次iv
表目錄vi
圖目錄vii
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景與動機1
1.2 研究目的4
1.3 研究方法5
1.4 研究限制與範圍6
1.5 研究步驟與流程7
第二章 文獻探討8
2.1 供應鏈管理8
2.1.1 供應鏈的定義與內涵8
2.1.2 供應鏈管理的定義、內涵與效益9
2.2 存貨管理13
2.2.1 存貨控制系統13
2.2.2 存貨管理成本14
2.3 供應鏈之存貨管理15
2.3.1 供應鏈之長鞭效應15
2.3.2 供應鏈存貨管理模型17
2.4 前置時間19
2.5 零售商策略合作21
2.6 模擬最佳化(Simulation Optimization)23
2.6.1 系統模擬(System Simulation)23
2.6.2 最佳化演算法24
2.6.3 模擬最佳化的應用32
第三章　供應鏈存貨管理模型之建構35
3.1 前言35
3.2 模型設計36
3.2.1 供應鏈之模型設計36
3.2.2 模擬系統建模的程序40
3.2.3 基因演算法模式43
3.2.4 供應鏈模擬最佳化47
3.3 符號說明47
3.3.1 供應鏈的決策變數47
3.3.2 供應鏈之參數48
3.3.3 模擬最佳化之參數50
第四章 供應鏈模擬與模擬最佳化52
4.1 供應鏈模擬52
4.1.1 調整存貨控制決策之模擬52
4.1.2 調整前置時間之模擬61
4.2 供應鏈之模擬最佳化70
第五章 結論與建議73
5.1 結論73
5.2 研究貢獻74
5.3 後續研究建議74
參考文獻75

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