臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文利用ELGAR SW5250A諧波電壓產生器以及ADX3000電力品質紀錄器以實際負載法來實驗各種諧波電壓波形對於單相、三相變壓器之接線所造成的影響，包括變壓器在諧波下之銅損、鐵損，以及諧波對變壓器三相之不同接線方式的影響。本文中所提出的諧波電壓波形之諧波次數為二次到七次、電壓畸變因數(VDF)為15%與20%、及諧波相位角為0°、45°、90°、135°、180°、225°、270°、315°八種。本論文實驗中所量測得到的數據包括一次側輸入電流、輸入電壓、二次側電壓、電流。
從本實驗中所得到的結果可以發現，諧波對於單相變壓器的影響原因，包括輸入諧波的次數、諧波電壓畸變因數以及諧波相位的的大小。而對於三相變壓器，除了輸入諧波波形的次數、諧波電壓畸變因數以及諧波相位的的大小之外，三相變壓器的連接方式，如Y-Y、Y-△、△-Y、△-△、V-V連接，這些因素的改變，都會對變壓器的電氣特性、物理特性有所影響。而以上這些經由量測所得到的結果發現傳統的諧波模型無法得到正確的模擬與分析，因此本論文提出使用倒傳遞類神經網路，經由學習得到適當的電力參數，結果發現可以利用類神經倒傳遞網路來正確的模擬諧波下單相、三相變壓器的運轉特性模型。

The paper presents using Elgar 5250A harmonic voltage generator and ADX3000 power quality recorder to investigate the effect of various harmonic voltage wafeform on the operation performance, core loss and iron loss of single and three phase transformer. In this experiment, the voltage harmonic orders from 2 to 7, the voltage harmonic distortion factors (VDF) are 15% and 20%, respectively, were chosen, and according to different phase angle, each harmonic order was designed into 8 kinds of waveforms which phase angles are 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°. The experimental data includes core loss, iron loss, the two sides voltage, input current and efficiency.
From the experiment result, it can be found that the operation performance of single-transformer varies by not only different voltage harmonic orders and VDF but also phase angles of each individual harmonic. We can also be found that the operation performance of three-transformer varies by not only different voltage harmonic orders, VDF and phase angles of each individual harmonic,but also the three phase connection, such as Y-Y, Y-△, △-Y, △-△, V-V. These elements change will affect transformer’s electronic and physical characteristic. The effect of harmonic is hardly known by traditional analysis on the operation performance of transformer. Therefore, the paper uses back-propagation neural network to find the suitable parameters by learning, and can simulate the harmonic problems correctly on the operation of single and three-phase transformer.

摘要i
Abstractii
誌謝iii
目次iv
圖目錄vii
表目錄xii
第一章 緒論1
1.1研究動機與背景1
1.2研究目的3
1.3研究步驟與方法3
1.4本論文之貢獻4
1.5論文內容概述5
第二章 諧波與電力系統7
2.1基本諧波理論7
2.1.1諧波的定義7
2.1.2 諧波畸變因數之定義10
2.1.3 諧波相位移之定義11
2.2 諧波的產生13
2.2.1電源系統諧波源13
2.2.2用戶系統諧波源15
2.2.3其他及未來諧波源17
2.3 諧波對電力系統所產生之影響18
2.3.1絕緣應力之影響18
2.3.2熱應力之影響19
2.3.3諧波對電氣設備之影響20
2.3.3.1諧波對變壓器的影響20
2.3.3.2諧波對旋轉機械的影響24
2.3.3.3諧波對電力用電容器組的影響24
2.3.3.4諧波對其他電力設備之影響24
2.4諧波下電力系統元件模型25
第三章 類神經網路29
3.1 簡介29
3.1.1 類神經網路歷史回顧29
3.1.2 類神經網路之特點34
3.2 類神經網路基本模型35
3.3類神經網路的分類38
3.4倒傳遞類神經網路41
3.4.1倒傳遞網路原理41
3.4.2倒傳遞網路架構41
3.4.3本文使用倒傳遞網路動機43
3.4.4 倒傳遞神經網路演算法44
3.4.4.1資料正規化44
3.4.4.2倒傳遞網路演算法45
3.4.4.3倒傳遞神經網路回想演算49
3.4.5倒傳遞神經網路之進一步探討52
第四章 諧波對變壓器的影響之實驗55
4.1諧波對單相變壓器之影響55
4.1.1實驗架構55
4.1.2實驗步驟60
4.1.3諧波對單相變壓器之影響63
4.1.3.1諧波含量由15%到20%對一次側激磁電流的影響63
4.1.3.2諧波含量由15%到20%對變壓器損失的影響68
4.1.3.3諧波相位移由0°到315°變化對變壓器損失的影響70
4.1.3.4諧波由2次到7次變化對變壓器損失的影響75
4.1.3.5實驗測試結果及分析78
4.2諧波對三相變壓器之影響80
4.2.1實驗架構80
4.2.2實驗步驟81
4.2.3無載下諧波對三相變壓器之影響82
4.2.3.1正常電壓波形對變壓器電壓的影響82
4.2.3.2諧波對Y/Y接線的影響83
4.2.3.3諧波對Y/△接線二次側電壓的影響92
4.2.3.4諧波對△/△接線二次側電壓的影響93
4.2.3.5諧波對△/Y接線二次側電壓的影響94
4.2.3.6諧波對V/V接線二次側電壓的影響95
4.2.3.7諧波對變壓器接線二次側電壓的影響總評估96
4.2.4有載下諧波對三相變壓器功率之影響96
4.2.4.1諧波對變壓器Y/Y接線功率的影響96
4.2.4.3諧波對變壓器Y/△接線功率的影響99
4.2.4.4諧波對變壓器△/△接線功率的影響100
4.2.4.5諧波對變壓器△/Y接線功率的影響101
4.2.4.6諧波對變壓器V/V接線功率的影響102
4.2.4.7諧波相位移對變壓器Y/Y接線功率的影響103
4.2.4.8諧波相位移對變壓器Y/△接線功率的影響105
4.2.4.9諧波相位移對變壓器△/△接線功率的影響107
4.2.4.10諧波相位移對變壓器△/Y接線功率的影響109
4.2.4.11諧波相位移對變壓器V/V接線功率的影響111
4.2.5諧波對三相變壓器激磁電流之影響113
4.2.5.1諧波對變壓器Y/Y接線激磁電流之影響114
4.2.5.2諧波對變壓器Y/△接線激磁電流之影響116
4.2.5.3諧波對變壓器△/△接線激磁電流之影響118
4.2.5.4諧波對變壓器△/Y接線激磁電流之影響120
4.2.5.5諧波對變壓器V/V接線激磁電流之影響122
4.2.6諧波對三相變壓器效率之影響124
4.2.6.1諧波對變壓器Y/Y接線效率的影響124
4.2.6.2諧波對變壓器Y/△接線效率的影響125
4.2.6.3諧波對變壓器△/△接線效率的影響126
4.2.6.4諧波對變壓器△/Y接線效率的影響127
4.2.6.5諧波對變壓器V/V接線效率的影響128
4.2.7實驗測試結果及分析129
第五章 類神經網路模擬130
5.1傳統分析建構變壓器之模型130
5.2以類神經網路建構變壓器諧波下模型131
5.2.1以倒傳遞網路模擬單相變壓器諧波下特性132
5.2.2以倒傳遞網路模擬三相變壓器諧波下特性136
第六章 結論與未來研究方向139
6.1結論139
6.2未來研究方向140
參考文獻141
作者簡介 146

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