臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的，在以數值分析的方法，研定土釘擋土結構潛在滑動面的找尋方式，與評估整體穩定性的方法，並討論設計參數對土釘擋土結構行為與穩定性之影響。首先以室內模型砂箱試驗為分析對象，以有限差分程式FLAC，建立土釘擋土牆的數值分析模式，並與模型土釘試驗結果相比較以確認數值模式的適用性；進而，針對數值分析，以局部最小安全係數法，研定出找尋土釘擋土牆潛在滑動面的方法，以及整體滑動安全係數的評定方式；最後，針對一基本案例(為一中等緊密砂土，相對密度60%，土壤單位重15.2 KN/m3，開挖高度7m，土釘長度5m，土釘傾角：0、15、30度，土釘強度：#4、#8、#14)進行一系列的參數研究，以探討各參數對土釘擋土結構行為的影響。分析結果顯示：(1) 土釘強度對土釘最大張力與面版位移的影響，隨土釘傾角的增加而變大；剛性土釘(N>3)的滑動面位置較柔性土釘(N<3)的滑動面位置遠離牆面；除柔性土釘由土釘斷裂破壞控制外，其它皆由土釘拉出破壞控制。(2)土釘傾角大於15度時，面版位移大幅增加，滑動面往牆後方發展，整體穩定性下降；當打設土釘強度增大時，土釘軸力整體增加幅度較大，而整體穩定安全係數的提昇則有限。(3) 土釘撓曲勁度與面版厚度，對土釘結構整體行為之影響很小，土釘主要受力機制為張力。(4) 土釘埋置長度與開挖深度之比值(L/H)大於等於1.0時，破壞機制由土釘拉出破壞轉為土釘斷裂破壞控制，再增加土釘長度，對於整體穩定性無法提昇。(5) 增加土釘打設密度，有助於降低底層土釘所受最大張力，提高整體穩定性，並使滑動面往牆後方延伸。

The purposes of this research is to figure out the method for identifying the potential slip surface and evaluating the global safety of factor of a soil-nailed retaining structures, and discuss the effect of designing parameter on its mechanical behavior.
Firstly, build-up the numerical modeling of a model soil-nailed experiment with the finite difference program-FLAC, and compare the results with the measured data to confirm the adequate of numerical model. Then, a systematic way is developed to find the potential slip surface and to evaluate the global stability of soil-nailed structures based on the local minimum factor-of-safety approach. Finally, aiming at a basic case (a medium dense sand, relative density 60%, unit weight 15.2KN/m3, excavation depth 7m, nail length 5m, nail inclination 0,15 and 30 degree, nail strength #4, #8, #14 steel) to proceed a series of parameters study to discuss the effect on the structure behavior.
Research result shows that: (1) The effect of nail strength on nail maximum tensile force and plate displacement is increase with the increase of nail inclination. The slip surface for rigid nail (N>3) is farther away from wall than flexible nail (N<3). Only flexible nail is controlled by breakage failure, the others are by pull-out failure. (2) when inclination greater than 150, the global stability decrease , and as nail strength increase, the increase of global safety factor is limited. (3) The effect of increasing nail bending stiffness and plate thickness is small on the whole structure behavior, and nail is mainly take in tension. (4) When the ratio of nail length and excavation depth is equal and greater than 1.0, the failure is transfer from nail pull-out to nail breakage. (5) Increasing nail number help reducing the maximum tensile force in the bottom nail, raising the global stability, and force the slip surface away from wall.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………...II
目錄……………………………………………………………..一
表目錄…………………………………………………………..四
圖目錄…………………………………………………………..五
第一章 導論……………………………………………………..1
1.1研究動機與目的1
1.2研究方法1
1.3研究內容2
第二章 文獻回顧3
2.1土釘擋土牆數值分析模擬3
2.1.1土壤元素之模擬3
2.1.2土釘之模擬4
2.1.3界面元素之模擬4
2.1.4面版之模擬5
2.1.5開挖之模擬5
2.2 土釘擋土牆之穩定性分析5
2.2.1 整體穩定分析6
2.2.2 局部穩定分析12
2.3 土釘擋土牆設計參數之研究15
2.3.1土釘之傾角16
2.3.2土釘之撓曲勁度17
2.3.3牆面之厚度17
2.3.4 土釘埋置長度18
2.3.5 土釘打設間距18
2.3.6 外加載重19
第三章 模型土釘試驗之數值分析30
3.1 土壤模式之建立30
3.2 土壤模式之驗證32
3.3 模型土釘之力學及界面行為32
3.4 模型砂箱試驗之數值分析33
3.5 數值分析之結果34
3.5.1 土釘軸力之分佈34
3.5.2 牆面版之水平位移35
第四章 土釘擋土牆之潛在滑動面54
4.1 理論背景54
4.2 找尋可能滑動面的方法55
4.3 安全係數之定義57
4.4 實例分析與比對58
4.4.1 室內模型砂箱試驗案例58
4.4.2 法國足尺試驗案例59
第五章 土釘擋土牆力學行為影響參數研究75
5.1 研究案例說明75
5.2 研究方法與內容76
5.2.1 研究方法76
5.2.2 研究內容77
5.3 參數研究之結果78
5.3.1 土釘強度與傾角78
5.3.2 土釘撓曲勁度與軸向勁度79
5.3.3 土釘打設間距80
5.3.4 土釘埋置長度80
5.3.5 面版厚度81
第六章 結論與建議…………………………………………..102
6.1 結論102
6.2 建議104
參考文獻………………………………………………………105
附錄一 土壤組成數值分析模式……………………………..110
附錄二 最小安全係數法之副程式…………………………..113

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