臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軟體工程技術標準對發展者與顧客來說，都是在軟體發展、採購、驗收等相關工作的重要參考依據，而標準的內容影響軟體發展工作的效率、產品的品質，甚至是資源的分配運作，所以其影響力不容忽視。由於在一個軟體發展的過程當中，所能參考引用的標準往往不僅僅只有唯一的標準，而如何在如此多的標準中選擇軟體發展適合的標準，又如何確定所選擇的標準是有效的、合適的就變得十分的重要。如果能有效的分析評估標準實際應用的效用，便能減少在發展時所會產生的缺失與提高標準的使用效率。
在本研究中，則針對這樣的問題提供了一套標準實際應用效用的分析方法，在我們的方法中，我們結合了靜態與動態部分的分析，靜態部分我們則採取利用XML超文件的優點，重新建立標準的結構，提供一套分析準則進行標準分析，而在動態的模擬部分則是以軟體生命週期程序模擬為主要的發展程序，提供一個通用性的軟體程序模型，並利用UML建構出一通用性與具可重複使用性的程序模擬框架，以進行動態的模擬，在藉由這樣模擬的工具，進行不同軟體程序的模擬，並透過改變影響專案品質的各項因素與標準中所重視的議題，藉由觀察模擬的結果以分析標準實際應用的有效性，以供專案發展或評估者參考。為了顯示出在本研究中方法的有效性，因此將以IEEE1012-1986年版與IEEE1012-1998年版的比較為一個應用案例進行探討。

For developers or customers, software engineering technical standards are important references for related activities of software development, acquisition and acceptance. These standards have considerable impacts on the efficiency of software development process, the quality of software products, and even the way that resources will be used. How to choose an appropriate standard from so many existing software industrial standards and whether the chosen standard is effective and suitable are important questions. The efficiency of software engineering standards needs to be evaluated so as to improve their application effects and these to improve software quality.
In our research, we provided a systematic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of software engineering standards. In our method, we combined static and dynamic analyses. We utilized XML markup to tag the structure of the standards, and followed a set of criteria to analyze standards. For dynamic analysis, we developed a software life cycle process simulator. We first designed a generic and reusable process simulation framework in UML. Using it, we can simulate different software processes and plug in different formulas and data to observe the effects of various factors affecting software quality so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the examined standards. A case study comparing IEEE1012-1986 with IEEE1012-1998 version was also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

中文摘要............................................ii
英文摘要...........................................iii
目 錄............................................iv
圖目錄..............................................vi
表目錄............................................viii
第一章 序論.........................................1
第二章 相關研究及背景...............................4
2.1 分析相關研究....................................4
2.2 模擬相關研究....................................5
2.2.1 程序模擬相關研究..............................5
2.2.2 模擬架構相關研究..............................6
2.2 背景...........................................11
2.2.1 超文件與XML的背景與簡介......................11
2.2.2 UML的背景與簡介..............................12
2.3 IEEE/EIA 12207與IEEE 1012 概述.................15
第三章 研究方法....................................17
3.1 靜態分析方法...................................21
3.2　 動態分析方法..................................23
3.2.1 UML-Based Simulation Framework...............23
3.2.1.1 框架的分割.................................23
3.2.1.2 程序框架...................................27
3.2.1.3 資源框架...................................27
3.2.1.4 風險框架...................................33
3.2.1.5 產品框架...................................35
3.2.1.6 圖形介面框架...............................36
3.2.2 模擬軟體專案平台.............................40
第四章 案例分析與模擬結果..........................43
4.1 案例選擇，選擇準則與目的.......................43
4.2 靜態案例分析...................................46
4.3 靜態分析的評估.................................63
4.4 軟體程序模擬引擎...............................70
4.4.1 以模擬框架發展模擬引擎.......................71
4.4.2 模擬引擎系統.................................74
4.4.2.1 模擬介面與系統介紹.........................74
4.4.2.2 模擬函式模組...............................79
4.4.2.3 模擬引擎輸入與輸出值.......................83
4.4.3 動態模擬方式.................................84
4.4.3.1 循序式模式.................................84
4.4.3.2 互動式模式.................................84
4.5 動態模擬案例結果與分析.........................85
4.5.1 案例一：軟體整合程度（Software Integrity Level）
....................................................85
4.5.2 案例二：內部驗證與確認（Inter V&V）與 獨立驗證與確認（IV＆V）...............................................87
4.5.3 案例三：按時與延遲的考量.....................94
4.5.4 案例四：經驗效果.............................96
4.5.5 案例五：人員混合.............................97
4.5.6 案例六：壓力效果.............................99
4.5.7 案例七：風險因素............................100
4.6 動態模擬的分析與總結..........................102
第五章 結論.......................................105
第六章 參考文獻...................................107
附錄一 新舊版標準差異明確性/可遵循度完整比較表....109
附錄二 模擬引擎相關函式程式片段...................111

[1] Norman E. Fenton and Martin Neil, “A Strategy for Improving Safety Related Software Engineering Standards”, IEEE transactions on software engineering, vol. 24, no. 11,November 1998
[2] Debra Herrmann, “A Methodology for Evaluating, Comparing and Selecting Software Safety and Reliability Standards”, IEE COMPASS, pp 223-231, 1995
[3] Ian Somerville and Stephen Viller, “Safety-crutucal System Programme Process Comparison”, http://www.aber.ac.uk/~dcswww/SCSP/reports/lancs.htm
[4] Shinji Kusumoto , “A New Software Project Simulator Based on Generalized Stochastic Petri-net”, Proceeding of 19th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp 293-302, 1997.
[5] Chi Y. Lin, “Software —Engineering Process Simulation Model (SEPS)”,J. SYSTEM SOFTWARE , 38,pp.263-277, 1997.
[6] Fachbereich Padberg,”A Probabilistic Model for Software Project”,ESEC/FSE’99, LNCS 1687,pp. 109-126,1999
[7] James J. Jiang, Gary Klein, ”Risks to different aspects of system success”, Information & Management 36（1999）, pp 263-272
[8] Dirk Jager, Ansgar Schleicher, Bernhard Westfechtel, “Using UML for Software Process Modeling”, 7th European Software Engineering Conference, Toulouse, France, Sep, 1999
[9] Xuemei Zhang, Hoang Pham, “An analysis of factors affecting software reliability”,The Journal of Systems and Software 50 (2000),pp 43-56
[10]Ray Madachy and Denton Tarbet, Litton Guidance and Control Systems, “Initial Experiences in Software Process Modeling”, July 2000, http://sqp.asq.org/vol2_issue3/sqp_v2i3_madachy.html
[11] Young Jong Yang, Soon Yong kim and Gui Ja Choi, “A UML-based Object-Oriented Framework Development methodology”, Software Engineering Conference, 1998 Proceedings Asia Pacific, 1998, pp 211-218
[12] Capers Jones, “Software benchmarking”, Software Productivity Research, Oct, 1995.
[13] James D. Arthur, ”Evaluating the Effectiveness of Independent Verification and Validation”, IEEE Computer, 1999
[14] Dan Houston, Gerald Mackulak and James Collofello, “Simulating Risk Factor Effects for Software Development Risk Management”, ProSim 2000 workshop, 2000
[15] Noriko Hanakawa, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Katsuro Inoue, Koji Torii, “A Software Development Simulation Model based on Dynamic Changes in Developer’s Knowledge Structure”, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, ProSim 2000 workshop, 2000
[16] Paolo Donzelli and Giuseppe Iazeolla, ”Hybrid Simulation Modelling of the Software Process”, Laboratory for Computer Science and CERTIA Research Centre University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Roma, Italy, ProSim 2000 workshop, 2000
[17] 王德劭, “IEEE/EIA 12207 程序本質與程序模擬”, 元智大學資工所碩士論文, 1999
[18] 黃羨文,『紙本書與電子書之比較』,漢美圖書有限公司
[19] D. Connolly, J. Boask, “Extensible Markup Language”, http://www.w3.org/xml/
[20] E. Herwijnen, “Practical SGML”, Kluwer Academic Publications, 1991
[21] P. Murray Rust, “Chemical markup Language” CML, Version 1.0 Jan 1997, http://www.venus.co.uk/omf/cml/doc/tutorial.html
[22] P. Ion and Miner, ”Mathematical Markup Language”,W3c Working Draft, May 1997, http://www.w3.org/pub/www/TR/wdmath/
[23] 曾吾洲, “資訊地圖以軟體工程標準為例”,元智大學資工所碩士論文, 2001
[24] Lan Sommerville, “Software Engineering”, 6th Edition, pp.84-90
[25] S. Pfleeger, N. Fenton, and S. page, “Evaluating Software Engineering Standards”, IEEE Computer, Sept. 1994, pp/ 71-79
[26] Barbara Kitchenham, Stephen Linkman, ”Estimates Uncertainty, and Risk”, University of Keele, IEEE Software, pp 69-74, 1997.