焚化爐為現今被廣為使用於處理固體廢棄物的方法。但由於民眾對焚化爐的知識不足加上對政府的信任感瓦解，對焚化爐的營運管理沒信心，以致於反焚化爐事件層出不窮。在這樣事事被”反”的年代，瞭解民眾對風險的認知是從事風險溝通與風險管理一最重要的依據。
本研究為縱貫式研究，以自填封閉式問卷針對台中市焚化爐周圍10公里的居民，依距離分為四區域施以問卷調查，目的在瞭解民眾對環境危害物質的風險判斷是否會反映在於焚化爐距離遠近上，進一步探討其可能造成差異的原因。研究的假設為：1.民眾會隨距離焚化爐遠近而有不同的風險認知 ，2.居住在焚化爐附近居民比一般人對環境風險有較高的風險認知。問卷實施分為兩階段調查，個別使用不同的問卷，調查民眾對環境危害物質的判斷及對焚化爐的意見。由於問卷依變項為有序性類別資料，統計分析上採用polychotomous logistic regression (SAS PC/8.0)作為本研究的分析模式。
結果顯示居民對於科技與自然風險的判斷都偏向高危害，並未受距離焚化爐遠近的影響具有普遍性。與背景資料來比較發現性別對風險的認知有差異，女性對風險的判斷比男性較高。對於焚化爐，民眾大都贊成興建焚化爐，而對於政府、專家、環保團體與新聞媒體所提出的風險評估報告發現居住在5公里內的居民多持不信任態度。焚化爐附近居民可接受焚化爐的距離為132.8公里，顯示出居民對於科技設備的NIMBY效應。此結果與國外研究有一致之處，可供相關單位做為參考之依據。

Incineration of municipal wastes is widely used to manage solid wastes. It was constantly resisted that when lay people lacks knowledge about a modern incinerator, social trust of the government in Taiwan. In the epoch of everything were resisted, comprehending the public risk perception is a prerequisite to establish a trustworthy risk-communication and risk-management.
This paper illustrated the result from a longitudinal study on the basis of a population living near the incinerator in Taichung. Four surveys were conducted at different districts of Taichung .A self-administered questionnaire was used to estimate the risk perception in relation to 43 risks and attitudes toward the incinerator. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether public risk perception toward incinerator would be influenced by mean of the effects of distance .It was postulated that public has difference perceptions of risk among four distances and residents lived near the incinerator would have high-level risk judgments.
From the result, we revealed that the residents had much higher perceptions of risk, and their judgments toward chemical risk were related to their educations level and gender. The relationship between the risk perception level and the distance was not significant.72% of the resident population favored to construct modern incinerators and the attitude of public has distrust toward governments and experts. The residents regarded as the acceptable distance between their house and the modern incinerator would be 132.8 km. This result show the public toward technology facilities has NIMBY effect. When we conducted associated researches in the future, we should pay more attention about the phenomena emerged from this study in behalf of preventing to elicit inappropriate conclusions.

誌 謝……………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
目 錄…………………………………………………………….………Ⅳ
表、圖目錄…………………………………………………………..……Ⅶ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………. …1
第一節 前言……………………………………………………………. 1
1.1.1 台灣目前環保抗爭現象……………………………………... ..1
1.1.2 風險認知的重要性……………………………………………. 2
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………..5
2.2.1第一階段研究目的……………………………………………...5
2.2.2第二階段研究目的……………………………………………...4
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………..6
第一節 何謂風險？……………………………………………………6
第二節 風險認知的相關研究…………………………………….…11
2.2.1 認知(perception)的定義……………………………………….11
2.2.2 風險認知的起源………………………………………….……12
2.2.3為什麼要研究風險認知？……………………….…….………14
2.2.4 心理測驗量表(Psychometric Paradigm)……………………...17
第三節 影響風險認知的因素……………………………………….19
2.3.1 認知的心理層面……………………………………………….19
2.3.2 社會文化層面………………………………………………….24
2.3.3 個人社經地位層面…………………………………………….26
第三章 材料與方法………………………………………………….…...29
第一節 第一階段問卷調查方法與設……….………………………29
3.1.1 問卷設計流程…………………………………………..……...29
3.1.2 問卷調查程序…………………………………………………..32
3.1.3 研究流程………………………………………………………..34
第二節 第二階段問卷調查方法……………………………...……35
3.2.1 問卷設計流程……………………………………….………….35
3.2.2 問卷調查程序…………………………………….…………….40
3.2.3 研究流程……………………………………………..…………41
第三節 統計分析方法……………………………………..…………42
3.3.1 資料分析程序…………………………………………………42
3.3.2 proportional odds model的基本原理……………………… ..45
第四章 結果…………………………………………….…….…………..47
第一節 第一階段調查結果……………..……………….…………..47
4.1.1 基本人口學分佈………………………………….……………47
4.1.2 健康危害物之風險判斷結果……………….…..……………..50
4.1.3 焚化爐態度與意見調查結果………………………………….55
第二節 第二階段調查結果…………………….……………………61
4.2.1 基本人口學分佈……………………………………...………..61
4.2.2 對焚化爐的意見與自覺公里數……….………………………62
4.2.3 風險十項特性…………………………..……..………….……64
第五章 討論………………………………………………………………72
第一節 第一階段調查………………………………..…………….72
5.1.1 健康危害物之風險判斷……………….……..…………….72
5.1.2 焚化爐態度與意見調查……………………....……………..76
第二節 第二階段調查 …………………………………………….79
5.2.1 對焚化爐的意見與自覺公里數……..……....………………..79
5.2.2 風險十項特性……………………….….….…..………………80
第六章 結論與建議……………………….…………..………………….83
參考資料……………………………………….………...………………..85
表目錄
表一 受訪者人口學基本資料---第一階段調查………………………91
表二 各項健康危害物之風險認知程度---以多數百分比歸類………92
表三 風險評定等級---以平均值排定順序…………………………….93
表四之一 健康風險認知單變項分析………………………………...94
表四之二 健康風險認知單變項分析………………………………...95
表四之三 健康風險認知單變項分析…………………………………...96
表四之四 健康風險認知單變項分析…………………………………...97
表五之一 健康危害認知多變項分析………………………………….98
表五之二 健康危害認知多變項分析………………………………….98
表五之三 健康危害認知多變項分析……………………………….…99
表五之四 健康危害認知多變項分析……………………………….…99
表六之一 虛擬變項回歸分析--- Total (年齡)……………………..100
表六之二 虛擬變項回歸分析--- Total (教育程度)………………..101
表七之一 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----是否贊成興建焚化爐（教育程度、性別）…………………………………………….102
表七之二 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----焚化爐可能造成的生態、環境、交通等影響的意見（教育程度、性別）…….102
表七之三 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----對環工、風險評估、環保團體、政府機關等專家提出的環評報告態度（教育程度、性別）………………………………………………………103
表七之四 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----焚化爐附近土地的使用態度（教育程度、性別）………………………………….104
表七之五 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----對自家環境的評估態度（教育程度、性別）……………………………………….105
表八之一 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----焚化爐可能造成的生態、環境、交通等影響的意見（ 距 離 檢 定 ）……106
表八之二 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----對環工、風險評估、環保團體、政府機關等專家提出的環評報告態度（ 距 離 檢 定 ）…………………………………………………………106
表八之三 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----焚化爐附近土地的使用態度（ 距 離 檢 定 ）…………………………….…107
表八之四 焚化爐態度虛擬變項回歸分析----對自家環境的評估態度（ 距 離 檢 定 ）………………………………….108
表九 基本人口學分佈---第二階段調查………………………….110
表十 對焚化爐意見與自覺公里數……………………………….111
表十一 贊成與反對原因……………………………………………..112
表十二之一 風險十項屬性平均值分佈…………………………….113
表十二之二 風險十項屬性平均值分佈…………………………….114
表十三之一 風險屬性單變項分析----該風險是否自願承擔.…….115
表十三之二 風險屬性單變項分析----該風險有無立即之影響.….115
表十三之三 風險屬性單變項分析----對該風險是否具相關知識..116
表十三之四 風險屬性單變項分析----個人對該風險能否掌控之..116
表十三之五 風險屬性單變項分析----該風險是熟悉的或新奇的..117
表十三之六 風險屬性單變項分析----該風險對生命的威脅是慢性或災難性…………………………………………………..117
表十三之七 風險屬性單變項分析-----面對該風險時是以平常心或感到恐懼…………………………………………………118
表十三之八 風險屬性單變項分析-----該風險發生危害時其結果的嚴重性……………………………………………………118
表十三之九 風險屬性單變項分析-----該風險對下一代的影響….119
表十三之十 風險屬性單變項分析-----該風險是否可以預防…….119
表十四之一 風險特性因素分析---轉軸後成分矩陣（Zone 1）……120
表十四之二 風險特性因素分析---轉軸後成分矩陣（Zone 2）……120
圖一 性別對風險的差異…………………………………………….121
圖二 教育程度對風險的差異…………………………….…………..121
圖三 年齡對風險的差異………………………………………………122
附錄
健康風險認知問卷（第一階段調查）……………………………..……124
焚化爐風險特性問卷（第二階段調查）………………………………..130

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