臺灣地區異向性岩石大部屬於橫向等向性之層狀岩盤，其分佈面積甚廣，如西部互層砂頁岩區及脊嶺山至東部之葉理狀變質岩區。其中岩石異向性對岩體內應力分佈有極大的影響，故研究此類岩體之變形及應力行為屬於一重要課題。當地表承受荷重，將導致下方岩層產生應力增量 (□□)，其值可用來推估沈陷量及超額孔隙水壓，或判斷岩層是否達到破壞狀態。然而一般所求應力增量之理論解只適用於均質均向性岩體，並不適用異質異向性岩體。
本文主要目的為以FLAC程式探討傾斜橫向等向性岩層承受地表條形荷重之應力增量。分析所採用模式主要以橫向等向線彈性模式為主，分別模擬均質等向性、水平橫向等向性及傾斜橫向等向性岩層，分析於不同平行與垂直構造面之彈性模數比 (E1/E2=1、2、3) 影響下，承受地表條形荷重衍生之應力增量值。其計算結果將繪出一系列曲線圖表，供未來讀者快速取得現地該類岩盤不同狀態下之應力增量值。其部份者亦與 Jurgenson 之均質均向體理論解及王承德之水平橫向等向性岩層者相比較，以檢核數值解之精確性。
此外，利用FLAC所分析之應力增量值共1155組代入倒傳遞類神經網路進行訓練與測試，所考慮輸入參數包括彈性模數比 (E1/E2)、構造面傾角(β)、欲求應力點之座標 (x, y)，並將預估的結果與數值模擬結果進行檢核。最後利用類神經網路做線性迴歸運算，建立應力增量簡易預估公式，觀察各影響因子與權重之關係式，以判斷各因子之影響程度，以利日後工程設計參考之用；於給定輸入參數範圍下，其重要性排序分別為y、□、x 及 E1/E2。

Most of anisotropic rocks in Taiwan are in the catalog of transversely isotropic rock, which is widely distributed, for example, the inter-bedded sedimentary rock zone in the western valley-side and the foliated metamorphic rock zone in the central ridge up to the east. Rock anisotropy definitely affects the stress transfer in a rock mass containing such a rock, and the study on the stress distribution and deformation of a mass of this kind is an essential issue. When a ground surface is loaded, beneath it is induced a distribution of stress increments (□□), the information of which can be subsequently used to predict the corresponding settlement and excessive pore water pressure, or judge if a underground zone is near a critical state. However, the commonly-used theoretical solution of □□ is merely suitable to a homogenous and isotropic medium, instead of a non-homogeneous and anisotropic one.
The objective of this thesis is to numerically study the □□ of an inclined transversely isotropic rock subjected to a surface strip load, using a commercial code, FLAC. The deformational law adopted was the linear-elastic transversely isotropic mode, which was in turn used to model an isotropic medium, a horizontal transversely isotropic one, and an inclined transversely isotropic one (for different values of the elastic modulus ratio of parallel versus perpendicular to the structural plane, E1/E2=1, 2, 3), respectively. The simulation results were organized and manipulated as a series of charts in order to provide readers with a rapid access to □□ in such a rock under various conditions. Some of them were also compared with the theoretical solution by Jurgenson for an isotropic medium and that by Wang Cheng-deh for a horizontal transversely isotropic one, for justifying the adequacy of numerical results.
In addition, 1155 sets of FLAC-computed data were substituted into an artificial neural networks analysis with a back-propagation algorithm to establish a predictive nonlinear model of □□, with the input of elastic modulus ratio (E1/E2), inclination of structural plane (□), and coordinates of a point (x, y). Finally, in order to quantitatively distinguish the relative importance among the above input parameters, the same artificial neural networks analysis was used to perform a linear regression analysis for yielding a simplified predictive formulas of □□, in which the significance order from greatest to lest for the given parameter ranges was y, □, x, and E1/E2

中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅱ
誌謝Ⅲ
目錄Ⅳ
表目錄Ⅵ
圖目錄Ⅷ
第一章 緒論 1-1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1-1
1.2 研究方法 1-2
1.3 論文架構1-3
第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
2.1 岩石之異向性2-1
2.2 等向性材料之應力分析2-3
2.2.1 近似分佈法2-3
2.2.2 Boussinesq’s Method2-5
2.2.3 Westergaard’s method2-14
2.3 橫向等向性岩層之應力分析2-16
2.4 國內相關研究2-20
第三章 研究方法3-1
3.1 FLAC程式概述3-1
3.2 FLAC程式的運算程序3-1
3.3 FLAC程式的理論架構 3-3
3.3.1運動方程式 3-3
3.3.2應力-位移關係3-3
3.3.3應力張量的決定3-4
3.3.4不平衡力的決定3-5
3.4 組合律模式 3-7
3.5 FLAC基本術語定義及指令說明 3-9
3.6 FLAC用於岩層承受地表荷重形狀之應力增量分析程序3-12
3.7 數值分析範例3-14
3.7.1分析流程及參數介紹 3-14
3.7.2等向彈性模式分析例3-18
3.7.3橫向等向線彈性模式分析例3-20
第四章 橫向等向性岩層之數值分析4-1
4.1 橫向等向線彈性模式模擬等向彈性之分析結果與比較4-1
4.2 橫向等向線彈性模式分析結果與王承德應力分析之比較4-2
4.3 橫向等向線彈性模式於不同構造面傾角之分析結果與比較4-8
第五章 橫向等向性岩層之應力增量推估5-1
5.1 類神經網路簡介及應用5-1
5.1.1倒傳類神經網路5-2
5.1.2資料取得5-4
5.1.3參數正規化5-4
5.2類神經網路之分析結果與檢核5-5
5.2.1等向性岩體之應力增量推估與檢核5-5
5.2.2水平橫向等向性岩層之應力增量推估與檢核5-6
5.2.3傾斜橫向等向性岩層之應力增量推估與檢核5-7
5.2.4應力增量之線性預估公式5-8
第六章 結論與建議6-1
參考文獻R-1
附錄A 橫向等向性岩層在各構造面傾角之等值應力分佈圖A-1
附錄B 橫向等向性岩層在各構造面傾角之應力增量值B-1
附錄C 類神經網路訓練結果與計算方式C-1
附錄D 橫向等向性岩層之應變增量值D-1
附錄E 橫向等向性岩層在不同構造面傾角之等值應變分佈圖E-1
附錄F 數值模擬輸入程式F-1

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