虛擬實境模組語言(VRML)是用來描述3D虛擬互動世界的程式語言，可以建構3D互動虛擬世界中的物件、場景等。透過程式語言(如JAVA)的輔助，使用者也可以與其他的使用者進行社交互動，這讓使用者會有難以忘懷的使用經驗。

目前有許多的研究將虛擬實境運用在合作學習上面，將虛擬實境視為一呈現線上教材的工具，在合作學習的活動過程中，學習者必須經由觀賞或把玩虛擬實境的教材，討論與分享心得。虛擬實境的情境化能力比一般傳統的文字媒體教材富有多樣性，並且因為擬真所以擁有可以促進學習者的學習動機的能力。

本論文提出使用虛擬實境模組語言建置一個線上虛擬互動的環境，藉由虛擬實境的情境效用，讓學習者在虛擬世界裡面與其他學習者能夠盡可能的互動交流，宛如真實世界。我們觀察出學習者在虛擬世界中也產生了與真實世界相同的人際群聚的效果，並使用計算幾何的演算方法來對人際群聚作分類，經由問卷調查的方式得知使用者對於我們分類的結果呈現滿意接受。同時我們提出了與傳統合作學習成就異值分組結合方法的概念，希望可以結合人際關係與學習成就兩項分組因素，促進合作學習的效果。

The Virtual Reality Modeling Language is used to describe 3D virtual interactive world, it can construct an impressive scene or object in a virtual world. Client users can get into social contact with others which make them a good impression by programming language’s help such as JAVA.

There are a lot of researches using Virtual Reality technology to make learning material for cooperative learning on the internet at the present day. During the learning process, students should discover or view the material and discuss it and share what they have learned with other students. Virtual Reality’s immersive ability is more varied than traditional text books or papers, and this improves students’ learning motive.

On this thesis, we proposed to use VRML to construct an online Collaborative Virtual Environment which students can interact with others in it just like in the true world by Virtual Reality’s immersive ability. We have an observation on students have the same human relationship to gather together in the virtual world that in the true world. We used Computational Geometry methods to classification human interrelationship and most of students were satisfied with the outcome by questionnaire responses. We also proposed a general idea of how to combine human interrelationship with traditional learning achievement heterogeneous grouping strategies, to improve cooperative learning.

1.序論……………………………………………………………………1
1.1遠距教學………………………………………………………………1
1.2虛擬實境與合作學習…………………………………………………2
1.3論文內容概述…………………………………………………………3
2.研究背景………………………………………………………………4
2.1虛擬實境………………………………………………………………4
2.1.1應用實例……………………………………………………………7
2.2合作學習………………………………………………………………12
2.2.1合作學習分組策略………………………………………13
3.系統架構…………………………………………………………………16
3.1設計理念………………………………………………………16
3.2伺服器端………………………………………………………19
3.3用戶端……………………………………………………………………20
3.4 虛擬場景的製作…………………………………………………………23
3.4.1 虛擬場景…………………………………………………………23
3.4.2化身(Avatar)………………………………………………………25
4.依互動因素分組之策略……………………………………………………27
4.1以幾何演算法處理分組………………………………………28
4.1.1最接近的一點..……………………………………………………28
4.1.2所有的鄰近點………………………………………………………29
4.2以計算幾何演算法處理群聚分類…………………………………………30
4.2.1Voronoi diagram…………………………………………………30
4.2.2 Delaunay triangulation………………………………………33
4.3實驗規劃與結果……………………………………………………………36
4.3.1實驗規劃……………………………………………………………36
4.3.2實驗結果……………………………………………………………37
4.4以線性規劃應用於分組之方法……………………………………………41
5.結合學習成就分組理論………………………………………………………43
5.1以概念圖作為合作學習分組策略…………………………………………43
5.1.1概念節點的近似分數………………………………………………44
5.1.2結構化計分…………………………………………………………45
5.1.3合作學習分組最佳化………………………………………………48
5.2結合概念圖分組策略………………………………………………………50
5.3人際關係階層分組…………………………………………………………52
6.結論及未來工作……………………………………………………………55
6.1結論…………………………………………………………………………55
6.2未來工作……………………………………………………………………56
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………57

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