感應加熱技術是二十世紀初才開始應用於工業界，由於它具有加熱速度快、安全性高、產品質量好、幾乎無環境污染等許多優點，而得到迅速的發展。另一方面，隨著半導體元件製作技術的進步，反流器上的功率開關能夠操作在更高頻率的範圍，使得高頻感應加熱裝置具備了輕、薄、短、小、效率高的特色。
本論文的主要目標在建立一個以單晶片TMS320C240微處理器為基礎的數位化高頻感應加熱器。此數位化高頻感應加熱器已將切換頻率提高至70kHz，減短加熱過程所需的時間，並使用零電壓切換相移式脈波寬度調變技術，降低功率開關元件之切換損失、切換應力及電磁干擾。有鑑於加工物件在加熱過程中，其本身的電氣特性會隨之而改變，致使共振頻率亦隨著加熱時溫度之變化而變動。所以利用變頻控制技術來使驅動頻率追隨共振頻率，促使系統在運轉時的效率隨時保持於最佳狀態。同時，為了能夠調整輸出功率，乃藉由相移脈波寬度調變控制技術來改變輸出電壓的工作週期，來達成此一目標。
最後，將對加熱時產生的負載參數變化現象以及在負載變動下反流器的運轉性能等進行實際的量測及探討，並驗證此零電壓切換技術的確提高了系統的整體效率。

Since the early twentieth century, induction heating have been widely used and rapidly developed in the industrial applications because of their distinctive advantages such as high-speed heating, safety, high products quality, cleanliness, and etc.. In addition to this, with tremendous advance in the latest power semiconductor devices permiting switches of inverters to operate under high frequencies, the induction heating systems have become lighter, compacter, and more efficience.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the application of a single chip, TMS320C240, microprocessor to a fully digital high frequency induction heating system. By using the phase-shifted full-bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM technique, this system can reduce switching loss, component stress, and electromagnetic interference of power semiconductor devices. In induction heating applications, because the electrical characteristics of the workpieces will change in the processing, the circuit resonant frequency must be changed in accordance. Hence, the variable frequency control technique is used for tracking the resonant frequency to keep the system operating at the optimal condition. The phase-shift Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) is used for regulating the duty-cycle to control the output power.
Finally, the efficiency of this heater are measured and analyzed under load variations. Experimental results show that the ZVS PWM technique can improve the efficiency of this system.

目 錄
中文摘要………………………………………………2
英文摘要………………………………………………3
誌謝……………………………………………………4
目錄……………………………………………………5
表目錄…………………………………………………9
圖目錄…………………………………………………10
第一章 緒 論
1.1 研究背景及動機…………………………….….15
1.2 研究內容…………………………………………16
1.3 研究貢獻…………………………………………16
1.4 論文架構…………………………………………17
第二章 感應加熱系統理論基礎與負載特性分析
2.1 基本原理…………………………………………19
2.2 感應加熱系統之設計考量………………………21
2.2.1 系統頻率與功率…………………………..…21
2.2.2 加工物件上的電阻係數………………………25
2.2.3 加工物件上的相對導磁係數……………..…27
2.2.4 溫度分佈…………..…………………………29
2.2.5 加熱時間………………………………………30
2.3 加熱線圈之型式……………………………..…31
2.4 電磁效應…………………………………………34
2.5 焦耳效應…………………………………………40
2.6 加熱負載參數模型………………………………42
2.7 感應加熱之優點與應用…………………………44
第三章 全橋相移式零電壓轉換器簡介
3.1 柔性切換技術簡介………………………………47
3.2 主電路架構………………………………………48
3.3 電路動作原理……………………………………50
3.3.1 切換週期等效回路分析………………………51
3.3.2 共振週期能量分析……………………………60
第四章 高頻感應加熱系統硬體與軟體之設計
4.1 高頻感應加熱器電路架構………………………62
4.2 EMI濾波器設計…….…………..…………….63
4.3 整流器與濾波電容器的選取……..……………65
4.3.1 整流器的選取…………………………………65
4.3.2 濾波電容器的選取……………………………65
4.4 開關功率元件的選取……………..……………66
4.5 MOSFET開關保護電路 …………………..……67
4.6 驅動與隔離電路…………………………..……72
4.7 相移電路…………………………………………73
4.8 匹配變壓器之設計………………………………76
4.9 加熱線圈之設計…………………………………78
4.10 諧振電容之設計.………………………………79
4.11 TMS320C240數位信號處理器簡介……..……80
4.12 系統控制電路之設計與分析……….…………83
4.13 保護電路之設計…….…………………………86
4.13.1 過電壓保護……….…………………………86
4.13.2 過電流保護………….………………………87
4.14 功率與頻率控制方法……….…………………87
4.14.1 數位PID控制器…….……………………….88
4.14.2 電流回授電路………….……………………90
4.14.3 頻率回授電路………….……………………91
4.15 軟體規劃與設計……….………………………91
4.15.1 加熱系統主程式 ……………………………92
4.15.2 DSP中斷副程式…… ………………………93
第五章 實驗結果討論
5.1 驅動信號之量測…………………………………95
5.2 柔切性能之量測…………………………………96
5.3 相移之量測………………………….…………101
5.4 匹配變壓器一、二次側電壓、電流的量測….101
5.5 負載共振頻率的量測………………………….105
5.6 加熱時間的量測……………………………….105
5.7 負載參數條件變動下的量測………………….107
5.8 實體照片圖…………………………………….109
第六章 結論與展望…………………………………117
參考文獻…………………………………………….119

[1]E. J. Davies, P. G. Simpson, Induction Heating Handbook ,Mcgraw- Hill Book Company Ltd.,London,1979.[2]S. Zinn and S. L. Semiatin, “Elements of Induction Heating Design, Control, and Application” ,Electric Power Research Institute,Inc. palo. Alto,CA. U.S.A.[3]British National Committee for Electroheat, “Guide to Induction Heating Equipment” ,1989.[4]I. Khan, J. Tapson, I. de Vries, “ An induction furnace employing a 100 kHz MOSFET full-bridge current-source load-resonant inverter” , Industrial Electronics, 1998. Proceedings. ISIE ''98. IEEE International Symposium on, 1998,pp. 530 -534 vol.2[5]E. J. Dade, J. Jordan, J. V. Esteve, J. M. Espi, S. Casans, “Behaviour of series and parallel resonant inverters for induction heating in short-circuit conditions Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference”,2000. Proceedings. PIEMC 2000. The Third International,2000 ,pp. 645 -649 vol.2[6]H. W. E. Keertzen, J. A. Ferreira, J. D. Van Wyk, “A Comparative Study of Single Switch Induction Heating Converters Using Novel Comparative Effectivity Concept” ,IEEE APEC Records,1992,pp. 298-305.[7]H. I. Sewell, D. A. Stone, D. Howe, “Dynamic load impedance correction for induction heaters ” ,Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1999. PEDS ''99. Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 International Conference , 1999, pp.110 -115 vol.1[8]E. J. Dede, J. Jordan, V. Esteve, J. M. Espi, S. Casan, “Series and parallel resonant inverters for induction heating under short-circuit conditions considering parasitic components ”Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1999. PEDS ''99. Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 International Conference , 1999, pp.659 -662 vol.2[9]L. R. Egan, E. P. Furlani, “A Computer Simulation of an Induction Heating System” ,IEEE Trans. on Magnetics;Vol.27,No.5,Sept l991,pp. 4343-4354.[10]F. P. Dawson, Praveen Jain, “Systems for Induction Heating and Melting Applications a Comparison of Load Commutated Inverter” ,IEEE PESC Records,1990,pp. 281-290.[11]F. P. Dawson, P. Jain, “A Comparison of Load Commutated Inverter System for Induction Heating and Melting Applications” ,IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol.6,July 1991,pp. 430-441.[12]J. R. Garcia, j. m. Burdio, A. Martinez, J. Sancho, “A Method for Calculating the Workpiece Power Dissipation in Induction Heating Process” ,IEEE APEC Records,1994,pp. 302-307.[13]J. A. Ferreira, “Electromagnetic Modeling of Power Electronic Converters” ,KLUWER ACADEMIC,1989.[14]潘天明, 現代感應加熱裝置 ,冶金工業出版社，中國北京，民國八十五年。[15]Forest, F.; Laboure, E.; Costa, F.; Gaspard, J. Y., “Principle of a Multi-Load/Single Converter System for Low Power Induction Heating” ,IEEE Transactionson Power electronics, Vol.15, No.2, March 2000,pp. 223-230.[16]何金滿，蘇煒城，1998，11， “高頻感應加熱器之控制設計與實際量測”中華民國第十九屆電力工程研討會，台北，台灣[17]鄭一鋒， “相移式零電壓切換高頻感應加熱器之設計與研製” ，私立中原大學電機工程學系研究所碩士論文，民國九十年。[18]何金滿，鄭一峰，2001，11，“移相式零電壓切換高頻感應加熱器之設計與研製”中華民國第二十二屆電力工程研討會，高雄，台灣[19]何金滿，鄭一峰，2002，3，"移相式零電壓切換高頻感應加熱器之設計與研製"，中原學報30卷第一期[20]R. Redl, N.O.Sokal, L. Balogh, “A Novel Soft Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Converter : Analysis, Design Consideration and Experiment Result at 1.5kW, 100kHz” ,IEEE on Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1990,pp. 162-172.[21]Monterde, F.; Hernadez, P.; Burdio, J. M.; Garcia, J. R.; Martinez, A., “A New ZVS Two-Output Series-Resonant Inverter for Induction Cookers Obtained by a Synthesis Method” ,IEEE on Power Electronics Specialists Conference,vol3,2000,pp. 1375-1380.[22]Morimoto, T.; Shirakawa, S.; Koudriavtsev, O.; Nakaoka, M., “Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Hybrid Soft-Switching Phase-Shifted PWM DC-DC Power Converter for High Power Applications” ,Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, vol.1, 2000,pp. 104-110.[23]Hamdad, F.-S.; Bhat, A.K.S., “A Novel Pulsewidth Control Scheme for Fixed-Frequency Zero-Voltage-switching DC-to-DC PWM Bridge Converter” ,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Vol.48 No.1,February 2001,pp. 101-110.[24]J. G. Cho, J. A. Sabate, G. C. Hua, F. C. Lee, “Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter for High-power Applications” ，IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,July 1996,pp. 622-628.[25]張晉嘉， 相移式零電壓切換直流電源供應器之研製 ，國立台灣大學電機工程學系研究所碩士論文，民國八十七年。[26]Chickamenahalli, S. A.; Jun Liu; Suryakumar, M., “A DSP Controlled Variable-Frequency Resonant-Commutated Converter” , IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,Vol.15,No.3,May 2000,pp. 447-455.[27]何金滿，許志仰，2000，11，“DSP-Based高頻感應加熱器之設計與研製”中華民國第二十一屆電力工程研討會，台北，台灣[28]Luigi Malesani, Palo Mattavelli, “Electronic Welder With High-Frequency Resonant Inverter” ,IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications,Vol.31,No2,March/April 1995.[29]David K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics ,Wesley Pub. Co.,1989.[30]Philippe Robert, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials, Artech House,1988.[31]王聰, 軟開關功率變換器及其應用 ，科學出版社，中國北京，民國八十九年。[32]Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins, Power Electronics : Converters, Applications, and Design ，John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,U.S.A.,1995.[33]張立、林清一， 現代電力電子技術 ，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，台北，民國八十七年。[34]劉維穎， 邏輯設計實習 ，儒林出版社，台北，民國七十五年。[35]“TMS320C24X DSP Controllers Reference Set”, Volume 1,Texas Instruments,U.S.A.,1997.[36]“TMS320C24X DSP Controllers Reference Set”, Volume 2,Texas Instruments,U.S.A.,1997.[37]張道弘, PID控制理論與實務 , 全華科技圖書股份有限公司，台北，民國八十四年。