臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出適於低頻壓電陶瓷材料之單相共振式換流器驅動控制架構，以因應在低頻場合中，各類型壓電陶瓷材料廣泛之驅動應用。於實際設計分析中，特別針對延遲電路、濾波諧振電路及反饋控制電路部份予以探討。延遲電路之設計直接影響功率級電路是否能在較佳的情況下切換不致燒毀，而延遲的時間通常僅介於微秒至奈秒(micro ~ nano)等級，在設計時往往會出現一些不必要的雜訊及飄移現象，而這些脈衝干擾(glitch)在高頻時幾乎對系統不會有任何影響，但在低頻的設計中，這些訊號將造成系統的誤判而造成功率級電路的燒毀，故設計時更需謹慎。由磁學分析式(法拉第感應定律)可清楚的看出，欲使用換流器架構設計出一低頻之驅動電路需要取得較大的濾波電感、電容，以獲得較佳之諧振波輸出。且工作頻率愈低，則所需之感抗值愈高。然而高容抗值之電容器並無法自行研製，且現有電容、電感器之容抗、感抗值往往無法滿足，故為設計低頻之驅動架構匹配機構之機械共振頻率，以達到良好之驅動效率，故透過濾波電感值之規劃及設計分析方可達到期望之諧振輸出。但由於本研究所驅動機構之致動器材料為壓電陶瓷，而壓電材料受熱、電、力等效應後所產生之參數變化、物理特性不明確等因素，以致諧振波輸出之驅動效率不佳，故另加以一反饋控制電路設計以期達到更高之輸出效率。本研究並以壓電陶瓷所致動之振動盤(vibratory parts feeder)、抖動抑制器(damper)、壓電式蜂鳴器(piezo buzzer element)及振動樑式陀螺儀(gyroscope)為例，驗證其效果。經實驗證明，本文所提出之低頻壓電陶瓷共振式換流驅動控制架構，確實具有良好之驅動響應。

A driver design of single-phase resonant inverter is proposed to support various piezoelectric actuators operating at low frequency. In practice, the delay circuit, the harmonic filter circuitry, and the feedback control circuitry are investigated. The delay circuit is for the purpose of the power MOSFET switching under good condition and avoiding it burned out. Since the delay time is around microsecond to nanosecond, it often produces noise and glitch effect. This defect does not affect the system obviously at high frequency, but it may generate inaccurate signals so as to burn out the power MOSFET. Thus, comprehensive design of the delay circuit is important. By means of the Faraday’s law, a low-frequency driver based on the inverter structure needs large inductance and capacitance to obtain better resonant wave output. The capacitor of high impedance is unable to produce easily, and the available inductor and capacitor with high impedance is still not satisfactory for the driver. Hence, to achieve good driving performance appropriate design and manufacture of the inductor is the fundamental process to provide expected resonant wave output. Because the piezoelectric ceramics is vulnerable to the change of heat, electricity, and stress, etc., the output function of the actuator degrades. Therefore, a feedback control design for the inverter is developed to gain better efficiency.
In this study, vibratory parts feeder, damper, piezo buzzer element, and gyroscope driven by the piezoelectric actuators are selected as the examples to employ with the developed low-frequency driving circuitry, and then to verify the performance with practical experiments.
Key word: resonant inverter, delay circuit, feedback control, piezoelectric actuator

摘要…………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………. ……………………………………Ⅱ
誌謝…………………………. …………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄…………………………. …………………………………………Ⅳ
圖目錄…………………………. …………………………. …………..Ⅶ
表目錄…………………………. ……………………………………...
第一章 緒論………………………………...………….………..………1
1.1 前言………………………………………….………..………...1
1.2 研究動機……………………………….…………….…………4
1.3 研究目的與本文架構……………………….………..………...5
第二章 壓電陶瓷致動器應用分析………..……………………………6
2.1 壓電材料的基本特性………….……………………………….6
2.2 振動盤運動模式簡介………………..…………………………8
2.3 抖動抑制器運動模式簡介……………….…………………11
2.3.1 行進波之形成…..……….………..…………………….11
2.3.2 定子表面質點之橢圓運動……..……………………...12
2.4 壓電式蜂鳴器簡介………………………...………………….15
2.5 振動樑式陀螺儀之應用簡介……………...………………….17
第三章 驅動器之電路設計理論分析………………...……………….19
3.1 電力電子技術………………..………………………………..19
3.1.1 儲能原理之切換電路………….….…………………...19
3.2 切換式電源設計分析……………………………..…………..20
3.2.1 切換式電源穩壓器與線性電源穩壓器的比較……….20
3.2.2 切換式電源穩壓器的分類………..…………….……24
3.2.3 PWM功率轉換器電路………………………………...24
3.2.4 諧振(共振)式電力轉換器電路……………………….27
3.2.5 切換式電源之規劃要素……………..………………..29
3.3 降壓型(BUCK)功率轉換器…………….……………………..29
3.3.1 BUCK轉換器電路之C.C.M.分析……..……………30
3.3.2 BUCK轉換器電路之D.C.M.分析……………………35
3.4 RLC串聯共振原理………………………………….………...38
3.4.1 欠阻尼(Undamped)之串聯共振電路…………………40
3.4.2 含並聯電容負載之串聯共振電路…….……………...41
3.4.3 串聯共振電路之頻率特性…………….……………...42
3.5 濾波、諧振電路分析……………………………….………….43
3.5.1 濾波、諧振電感器設計值分析………………………..44
3.5.2 電感器設計規劃………………………………………45
3.6 濾波、諧振電路量測……………………………….………….47
第四章 驅動器之設計建立……………….……………..………….…48
4.1 驅動器之架構…………………………………….….………..48
4.2 PWM信號電路…………………………………..……………49
4.3 分相電路…………………..………………………….……...50
4.4 延遲電路…………………………...………………..………...51
4.4.1 類比單向式延遲電路………………………..…….…..52
4.4.2 類比雙向式延遲電路.…………………………………52
4.4.3 類比-數位式延遲電路………….……………………...53
4.4.4 數位式延遲電路……………………………………….54
4.5 信號放大電路…..………………………………..….……….54
4.6 直流電源組………………………………………..….……….55
4.7 降壓型轉換器….………………………………..….………...56
4.8 MOSFET全橋電路.……………………………..….………...56
4.9 諧振電路.………………………………………..….………...58
4.10 反饋電路設計.………………………………………..……..70
4.10.1 PWM邏輯驅動級之反饋………………..……….…..70
4.10.2 切換電源供應級之反饋…………………..………….74
4.11 整合分析.………………….………………………..….……75
第五章 實驗結果與分析………………………………………….…...77
5.1 PWM信號電路………………….……………………….……77
5.2 分相電路………………………………………………………79
5.3 延遲電路………………………………………….…….……80
5.4 信號放大電路…………………….……………….…..………82
5.5 MOSFET全橋電路……………………………..……..……....82
5.6 諧振電路………...………………….……………….…..…….83
5.6.1 振動盤之驅動應用…………………………..………...83
5.6.2 振動盤之反饋驅動應用……………………..………...85
5.6.3 抖動抑制器之驅動應用……………………..……..….86
5.6.4 抖動抑制器之反饋驅動應用………………..……..….88
5.6.5 壓電式蜂鳴器之驅動應用…………………..………...89
5.6.6 壓電式蜂鳴器之反饋驅動應用……………..………...91
5.6.7 振動樑式陀螺儀之驅動應用……………..…………...92
5.6.8 振動樑式陀螺儀之反饋驅動應用…………..………...95
5.7 設計討論………...………………….……………….…..…….98
第六章 結論與未來展望………………………………….…….……..99
6.1 結論………………………………………………..….……….99
6.2 未來展望……………………………………………….…….100
參考文獻………………………………………………………………102
簡歷……………………………………………………………………108

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